血痕中PGM_1亚型的检出及酶谱的保存方法

本文报告用等电聚焦方法,采用拉丁方设计,对血痕保存的温度、布质及含量,以及血痕中 PGM_1亚型检出时间进行了研究。保存在0℃(6个月)、4℃(2个月)、18℃(1个月)及30℃(3周)的6μL 血痕,PGM_1亚型均可检出。血痕的总量对 PGM_1亚型的检出时间也有一定的影响。不同布质对血痕中 PGM_1亚型的检出时间,无明显差异。另外,利用聚脂膜具有亲水膜面的特点,将 PGM_1原始酶谱贴附在聚酯膜上,可长期保存酶谱。     

浅谈查缉战术模拟实战训练的组织与实施

模拟实战训练在查缉战术教学中起着至关重要的作用,在组织模拟实战训练时要制定好计划,在实施时,注意安全,还要积极开展教学总结。     

建立我国公益诉讼制度的设想

在比较和分析国外公益诉讼的基础之上,本文论证了在我国设立公益诉讼的必要性和合理性,并对我国公益诉讼制度的设计提出了具体的设想。     

和谐社会中的人性预设与制度安排

和谐社会是一系列的制度构成,制度不是锲入人类社会中,而是融合人类社会之中。制度的安排必须基于客观的人性预设上,通过制度消除人性之恶、张扬人性之善。社会主义和谐社会的制度建构,应该处处体现出人文情怀、人性关爱。     

现代企业的组织设计与政府宏观管理

企业组织设计所涉及的产权结构、组织形式、管理类型和规模设置等要素 ,对企业行为的影响是基础性的、根本的、长期的。企业健全的组织行为既是社会全面发展的基础 ,也是政府实施有效宏观管理的必备条件     

迈向程序法治：人民监督员制度改革的理性与前瞻

人民监督员制度是权利制约权力、主权在民、公众参与司法、司法民主理念的充分体现。它是一种救济程序,也是一种监督程序。人民监督员制度改革要在宏观上处理好“应然”与“实然”、“渐进”与“嬗变”、“监督”和“独立”的关系;要在微观上健全配套机制,实现人民监督员的独立。     

Trading old errors for new errors? The impact of electronic voting technology on party label votes in Brazil

In the mid-1990s, Brazil introduced electronic voting technology that reduced residual ballots and consequently expanded de facto enfranchisement. We employ a regression discontinuity design similar to that of previous studies of the Brazilian electronic voting technology to show that electronic technology also caused a sharp rise in party label votes (votos de legenda) that can only be explained by voting error. We show that this error offsets a large portion of the gains in enfranchisement, highlighting the fact that even generally positive changes in voting procedures can have negative effects. Our results also suggest that party label votes should not be considered a measure of party strength in the Brazilian context.     

The survival and termination of party mergers in Europe

Why do constituent parties that participated in a party merger that was intended to be permanent decide to leave the merger to re‐enter party competition separately? To address this question, merger termination is conceptualised in this article as an instance of new party formation, coalition termination and institutionalisation failure. Building on this conceptualisation, three sets of factors are presented that account for which mergers are likely to be terminated by constituent parties and which are not. To test these three sets of hypotheses, a mixed‐methods design is used. First, survival analysis is applied to a new dataset on the performance of mergers in 21 European democracies during the postwar period. The findings support hypotheses derived from a conception of merger termination as new party formation: pre‐ and post‐merger legislative performance significantly affect the probability of merger termination. Furthermore, the institutionalisation of constituent parties helps to sustain mergers if the latter already built trust in pre‐merger cooperation, in line with the conception of merger termination as institutionalisation failure. Two theory‐confirming case studies are then analysed: one case of merger survival and the other of termination. These case studies substantiate the working of the significant variables identified in the large‐N analysis that drove the selection of case studies. They also reveal how mediating factors difficult to capture in large‐N designs help to account for why factors that – theoretically – should have complicated the working of the ‘survival case’, and should have been beneficial to the ‘termination case’, did not generate the expected effects.     

Investing in Not‐for‐Profit Sector Capacity: The Australian Capital Territory's Community Sector Development Program (CSDP)

In 2013 the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) government's Community Services Directorate (CSD) initiated a suite of projects designed to address the not‐for‐profit (NFP) community services sector's capacity to adapt to a rapidly changing policy and operational environment. In common with other Australian governments, the ACT relies upon NFP organisations to deliver a wide range of community‐based human/social services. The procurement of services rendered to, or on behalf of, government by a third party provider under contract accounts for about 94% of the CSD's investment in the NFP community services sector. The ACT government, therefore, has a vested interest in ensuring that NFP providers are operationally capable, financially viable, and economically sustainable. Accordingly, the government launched a Community Sector Reform Program (CSRP) focussing on red tape reduction, sector development, and the establishment of a community sector outcomes framework. What lessons might the CSRP offer for other jurisdictions?     

Repeatability and reproducibility of comparison decisions by firearms examiners

In a comprehensive study to assess various aspects of the performance of qualified forensic firearms examiners, volunteer examiners compared both bullets and cartridge cases fired from three different types of firearms. They rendered opinions on each comparison according to the Association of Firearm & Tool Mark Examiners (AFTE) Range of Conclusions, as Identification, Inconclusive (A, B, or C), Elimination, or Unsuitable. In this part of the study, comparison sets used previously to characterize the overall accuracy of examiners were blindly resubmitted to examiners to assess the repeatability (105 examiners; 5700 comparisons of bullets and cartridge cases) and reproducibility (191 examiners of bullets, 193 of cartridge cases; 5790 comparisons) of firearms examinations. Data gathered using the prevailing AFTE Range were also recategorized into two hypothetical scoring systems. Consistently positive differences between observed agreement and expected agreement indicate that the repeatability and reproducibility of examiners exceed chance agreement. When averaged over bullets and cartridge cases, the repeatability of comparison decisions (involving all five levels of the AFTE Range) was 78.3% for known matches and 64.5% for known nonmatches. Similarly averaged reproducibility was 67.3%% for known matches and 36.5% for known nonmatches. For both repeatability and reproducibility, many of the observed disagreements were between a definitive and inconclusive category. Examiner decisions are reliable and trustworthy in the sense that identifications are unlikely when examiners are comparing non-matching items, and eliminations are unlikely when they are comparing matching items.