现代城市夜景规划设计初探

我国设计师从80年代初开始对城市夜景进行研究,但研究的侧重点局限子景观照明领域。本文根据近几年来城市夜景景观建设过程中产生的问题,从对城市夜景观与夜景规划设计的认识出发,力图把城市设计理论与实际相结合。在城市夜景景观规划设计领域提出初步的理论构想。     

Identification of some factors influencing soil transfer on shoes

In criminal activities, soil can be transferred from a crime scene to items linked with a perpetrator; for example, shoes, cars or tools. Several parameters will influence the quantity of soil transferred in a given scenario. The knowledge of the most influential factors can help the expert to assess the evidence using a logical approach at the activity level or to predict the amount of soil that can be expected in a given scenario. The influence of five chosen parameters, namely the shoe profile, shoe size, walker's weight, soil type and soil humidity were assessed using Design of Experiment (DOE) in order to understand their influence on soil quantity transferred on shoes.The Faced Central Composite Design (FCCD) using a quadratic model was found to be highly significant, thus they could be adequately used to model and to interpret the amount of soil recovered from one shoe.These designs demonstrate that the characteristics of the donor (soil type and soil humidity), as well as a combination of these two factors have a very significant impact on the soil transfer. The characteristics of the receptor (shoe profile, shoe size and walker's weight) also have an impact on the transfer but to a lesser extent.Globally, this research provides valuable information for the forensic scientist both in investigative mode: evaluation of the soil quantity possibly transferred on shoes, and in the evaluative steps: is the quantity of soil found on the suspect shoes in accordance to the proposition/scenario given by the prosecution and the defence?     

金融功能观视角下中国农村金融体系的设计与创新

如何设计一个"功能互补、覆盖广泛、服务高效、可持续发展"的农村金融体系对满足农村经济金融需求从而促进农村经济发展十分重要。在总结金融机构观指导下的中国农村金融改革的局限性基础上,本文提出了基于金融功能观的农村金融改革思路,并对农村金融体系重新进行了设计。最后,本文就农村金融体系创新的路径选择提出了相关的政策建议。     

职级工资制的整体改进与结构设计

我国现行的职级工资制在主体构成框架、具体结构形式以及运作机制上尚存在亟待改进的缺欠。应以重新设计的职务工资单元和级别工资单元结构体系取代现行的四元结构体系 ,使其主体结构二元化。基础工资由职务工资承载 ,工龄工资由级别工资含纳 ;进而形成集职位分类与品位分类合理因素于一体的职级工资制     

建筑设计作品的著作权保护

2001年修正的《著作权法》把建筑设计作品作为工程设计予以保护不妥。建筑设计作品应作为广义的建筑作品来保护。设计单位一般为建筑设计作品的著作权人,建设单位有可能成为合作作者,提倡通过合同约定和自愿登记明确权利人。     

Doing prevention science: A response to Dennis M. Gorman and a brief history of the quasi-experimental study nested within the Seattle Social Development Project

The history of the quasi-experimental intervention test nested within the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) is described in the context of the history of delinquency and drug abuse prevention studies before and after 1980. Efforts to identify and assess threats to internal validity associated with the study design are discussed. The pattern of observed results associated with the intervention test is reviewed, and our efforts to advance both prevention theory and preventive interventions in light of these findings are described.     

张君劢对中央政制的具体设计——简析《国事会议宪草》及《政协宪草》设计的中央政制

张君劢起草的《国事会议宪法草案》和《政治协商会议宪法草案》有关中央政制都采用了新内阁制设计,两部宪草都产生了很大影响,后者还被国民党政府采用为1947年宪法的底本,本文就是对这两部宪草设计的中央政制的研究。     

An experimental comparison of question forms used to reduce vote overreporting

Via telephone, a national probability sample of 1464 respondents randomly received one of three question versions of a voter turnout question in the months of December, January, and February, following the November 1998 Congressional elections in the United States. The long version form contained memory cueing techniques and face-saving response options, the short form, modeled after the 2000 American National Election Studies (ANES) question, included only the face-saving response options, and the standard form, modeled after ANES questions used before 2000, included neither. The long form led to significantly lower reported turnout in comparison to both the short and standard forms, indicating that the long form successfully reduced vote overreporting in comparison to the other question versions.     

关于电脑设计软件课程教学的构想与实践

文中针对艺术设计各个专业相继开设的电脑设计软件的课程教学进行阐述,由于电脑艺术设计专业开设时间较短,设计软件课程的设置与教学相对不完善,因此对电脑艺术设计专业的教学模式的合理性与实用性提出了一些看法,旨在探求较适合、较准确的教学途径,让这个作为现代设计重要手段的“工具”———电脑设计软件能培养适应行业需要的专业人才。     

Social funds and decentralisation: optimal institutional design

Most of the 60+ developing countries that have established social funds (SFs) are decentralising their governments as well. But the question of how to tailor SFs—originally a highly centralised model—for a decentralising context has received relatively little attention in the literature. We first examine evidence on the ability of SFs to adapt to a decentralised context. We then lay out the implications of decentralisation for SF institutional design step‐by‐step through the project cycle. The topic is doubly important because social funds can increase their effectiveness, and the sustainability of their investments, by reorganising internal processes to take advantage of the political and civic institutions that decentralisation creates. Local government has an informational advantage in local needs and characteristics (time and place), whereas SFs have access to better technology and knowledge of sectoral best practice. The key is to create institutional incentives that best combine these relative advantages. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.