简论家庭暴力现象及其整治

当前,家庭暴力已经严重危害到家庭幸福和社会稳定,成为影响家庭生活质量和社会治安秩序的一个重大社会问题。从历史和现状、社会和家庭、法制要求和家庭成员法律知识水平、个人反抗家庭暴力和社会救助体系方面研究家庭暴力的现状、形成原因及反对家庭暴力的对策,是预防家庭暴力、建设社会主义精神文明、建设文明社区环境和维护社会稳定的重要内容。     

Are same-sex relationships anti-family?: Investigating relationship stability among interracial gay partners in South Africa

One of the main heteronormative beliefs, especially in South Africa, is that same-sex partners do not enjoy stable relationships and that their relationships are often consciously short-term and lack enduring forms of commitment. The last three decades have witnessed the production of some studies (mostly in Europe and America) on same-sex intimate relationships and familial arrangements. Most of these studies compared same-sex and heterosexual relationships. Past studies found some similarities between love and satisfaction in heterosexual and same-sex intimate relationships. In this regard, this study examined relationships stability and satisfaction ingredients among interracial gay partners living in selected Johannesburg suburbs. This study is based on an eight-month qualitative study among 10 interracial gay partners living in some selected Johannesburg suburbs. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from 10 interracial gay men (comprising 20 men who are between 23 and 58 years at the time of the research) in intimate relationships. This study finds that relationship stability and satisfaction was linked to effective communication, trust and equity as the main elements of the interracial gay partnerships. Gay men in this study have similar desires for close intimate bonds and stable households – and adopt numerous resilience strategies to ensure that these relationships remain intact. This contradicts the general stereotype that gay men are anti-family and averse to monogamy. In line with the exchange theory, participants’ exchange of intangible resources, such as trust and effective communication, are associated with their satisfaction and relationship stability.     

农村改革、社会稳定与农民利益的政治表达

在深化农村改革的新时期,必须进一步健全农民利益的政治表达机制,才能切实维护和保障农民的财产权益,切实维护社会稳定,促进社会和谐,农村改革才会真正变成巨大的进步动力。健全农民利益的政治表达机制的重点．是要通过法律和制度建设推进农村经济合作组织建立和发展、保障农民在村民自治中的主体地位和明确农民在权力机关的政治平等权。     

做好110接处警工作促进社会和谐稳定

110接处警工作是公安机关工作中不可缺少的一部分,它关系到国家政治的稳定、经济的发展,关系到公安机关的威望和形象,关系到人民群众的切身利益。在阐述110接处警工作对促进社会和谐稳定的意义和实践总结的基础上,探寻做好110接处警工作的具体措施,促进和维护社会和谐稳定,实现公安机关三大政治和社会责任。     

Assessing the thermal stability of toolmarks casting materials through optical comparison microscopy,virtual comparison microscopy and quantitative similarity scores

Toolmarks, particularly those found on bulky, inaccessible or immovable items, can be recovered by casting. To allow for subsequent comparative examinations, the casting material, typically polysiloxanes or silicones, must be able to capture and preserve fine details within a toolmark accurately. To study the stability of such details after exposure to heat, toolmark casts were heated at either 60 °C for 2 h, or 90 °C for 1 h. These casts were subsequently compared to casts that had not been exposed to heat, using traditional optical comparison microscopy, as well as virtual comparison microscopy. Digitised toolmark signatures were also extracted from the casts and compared pairwise to obtain quantitative similarity scores based on cross-correlation, consecutive matching striae and Mann-Whitney U-statistic. Our results show that the fine surface details captured on all four commercial toolmark casting materials tested herein remained stable after exposure to heat. This study shows that the above heating protocols are viable viral inactivation methods for toolmark casts that are potentially contaminated with human coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. Our findings also apply to other scenarios, such as for casts that were left in a vehicle parked under the sun.     

社会管理创新与基层维稳实践——以北京市朝阳区“一网、两库、三关”科学维稳体系为例

加强社会建设、创新社会管理,是维护社会和谐稳定的源头性、根本性、基础性工作。北京市朝阳区立足基层实际,着眼社会管理创新,建立了具有较强的时代性、系统性、针对性、可操作性的＂一网、两库、三关＂社会维稳风险治理与科学管理体系,有效地提高了维稳工作的科学化、制度化、规范化水平,并在理念思维转变、体制机制优化、方式方法创新等方面为探索建立社会服务管理新模式提供了借鉴和启示。     

同盟安全与防扩散——美国延伸威慑的可信度及其确保机制

冷战以来,美国就始终坚持推行延伸威慑战略,并将其视为最重要的防扩散工具之一。然而,这种基于经验的政策逻辑缺乏系统性的理论支持。获得美国延伸威慑保护的国家或约束自己的核扩散行为,或走上研发核武器的道路,抑或推行两面下注的"核避险"战略。在获得延伸威慑保护与核不扩散行为之间,并未呈现出简单的因果关系。因此,延伸威慑究竟是不是一种有效的防扩散手段以及在何种条件下才能起到防扩散的作用,便是值得深入探讨的问题。在控制外部威胁以及供给侧因素等干扰变量之后,本文发现延伸威慑的可信度是影响受保护国核扩散行为的中间变量。而可信度的变化又与美国和盟友之间建立起来的一系列确保机制相关。确保机制包括口头或书面承诺、前沿部署、核分享以及核磋商这四类措施。不同的确保措施对延伸威慑可信度的影响不同,同时也会对美国在核安全以及受牵连的问题上造成相应的影响。因此,美国及其盟友往往在确保机制的选择上有着不同的利弊偏好。冷战时期,联邦德国和韩国在同时受到外部安全威胁和美国延伸威慑保护的情况下,却采取了不同的核扩散行为,对此延伸威慑可信度及其确保机制理论做出了合理解释。总体上,由于美国与不同盟友所建立的确保机制不尽相同,从而使得延伸威慑的可信度出现差异,并最终导致盟友之间出现不同的核扩散行为。     

公司决议瑕疵立法的范式转换与体系重构

现行法套用民事法律行为范式,以瑕疵决议一律自始无效确保原告救济,以信赖保护维护公司安定,最终却导致原告救济与公司安定及效率的割裂与冲突。这一冲突的根源在于,以瑕疵决议一律自始无效所提供的原告救济本身缺乏正当性、针对性和可行性。应当按比例原则的要求,以瑕疵严重程度区分安排法律后果,从瑕疵决议效力这一源头上重建组织法范式下原告个体与公司整体利益的平衡。仅在瑕疵特别严重时,才应自始否定决议效力,从而禁止其实施或在实施后恢复原状,否则只应适用决议面向将来无效、损害赔偿等柔性法律后果,公司由此可在更大范围内获得决议实施效率及安定。以此为基础,应取消现行“三分法”的诉讼类型划分,而代之以统一的决议瑕疵诉讼及诉讼期限。公司变更决议仅在排除特别严重瑕疵后方可实施并获得存续效力。     

The Impact of Marital Aggression on Women's Psychological and Marital Functioning in a Newlywed Sample

The impact of husband-to-wife physical aggression on changes in wives' personal and marital well-being was examined in a representative sample of newlywed couples. The sample consisted of couples who completed baseline (time of marriage) and first anniversary assessments as part of the Buffalo Newlywed Study (n = 543). After controlling for sociodemographic variables, initial relationship satisfaction, and verbal aggression, wives who experienced physical aggression from their husbands during the first year of marriage reported increased stress and lower marital satisfaction at the first anniversary. Further, they were more likely to report separation from husbands due to marital problems during the first year of marriage. Experiences of partner physical aggression during the premarital period were associated with greater frequency of heavy drinking episodes among wives, although they were not associated with changes in average daily volume of ethanol consumed. Results suggest that among a community sample, experiences of husband-to-wife physical aggression have negative consequences for both women's psychological well-being and marital functioning.     

Democratic justice: the priority of politics and the ideal of citizenship

In his Democratic justice and the social contract, Weale presents a distinctive contingent practice-dependent model of ‘democratic justice’ that relies heavily on a condition of just social and political relations among equals. Several issues arise from this account. Under which conditions might such just social and political relations be realised? What ideal of equality is required for ‘democratic justice’? What are its implications for the political ideal of citizenship? This paper focuses on these questions as a way to critically reconsider Weale’s model. After presenting Weale’s procedural constructivism, I distinguish his model from an institutional practice-dependent model, one salient example of which is Rawls’s political constructivism. This distinction allows for a formulation of the social and political equality required for justice in each case. The contingent model assumes that an equality of ‘status’ will generate just social practices, yet it fails to recognise that an equality of ‘role’ is also important to ensure citizens’ compliance. The paper ultimately seeks to show that the contingent model is insufficient to ensure that just social practices will become stable.