Qualitative Evaluation and Optimization of Public Service Policies for Pre-school Children Aged 0-6 Based on PMC-Index

In the context of Two-Child Policy and a more extensive fertility policy, the state has continuously introduced policies to develop pre-school education and care services for promoting the development of childcare public services. The results show that the subtotal of 31 polices have a good overall performance, of which 2 are perfect, 16 are excellent, and 13 are acceptable.The direction of policy development has gradually shifted the focus from education to service. However, the internal differentiation of the policies is obvious with less response to the current imbalance between the supply and demand of childcare public services. To further optimize the policy, the following suggestions are made: clarify the responsibilities of the government and society in childcare public services by legislation, treat the different policy needs of infants aged 0-3 and children aged 3-6, create favorable policy conditions for the balance of supply and demand of childcare public services by resource integration strategies, and keep the country's complementary characteristics for family care functions.     

我国农村公共产品供给机制优化研究

农村公共产品供给机制是否健全,直接关系到社会全面进步及社会主义新农村建设。中华人民共和国成立以来,我国农村公共产品供给取得了巨大成就,尤其是教育、医疗、就业、社会保障等与民生关系紧密的供给体制机制得到优化。不过在供给机制方面仍存在一定的缺陷,这对我国农业、农村以及农民发展是非常不利的。从农村群众利益出发,加大农村公共产品供给力度,让大家共享改革发展成果,对于提升政府公信力、构建和谐社会意义重大。必须不断推进机制创新,优化新形势下农村公共产品供给现状。     

论权利与义务的经济分析

权利是利益通过社会转化而成的资源,具有经济学中商品所具有的一般性质;义务是权利主体所付出的成本;权利和义务都能够实现在全社会范围内的分配。二者均具有某种利益的冲突性。     

诈骗罪疑难问题研究——对传统罪名的解读

可以将财产性利益解释为我国诈骗罪的对象。三角诈骗的情形应当具体问题具体分析。诉讼欺诈不宜作为诈骗罪处理。关于找钱诈骗 ,有时只能作为不当得利处理。欺骗他人放弃财物然后自己捡拾财物的 ,构成诈骗罪。欺骗他人交付不法原因给付物 ,可以构成诈骗罪。诈骗罪是对个别财产的犯罪     

Defending What From Whom? Debating Citizen Disengagement

This article constitutes a pointed theoretical intervention in the debate opposing Richards and Smith to Flinders on the question of citizen disengagement. Its main contention is that Richards and Smith offer a straw‐man argument against Flinders by identifying him with positions he does not hold. It thus shows that Richards and Smith falsely identify Flinders with the following positions: (a) there is no need for a major overhaul in the UK's existing democratic and governance arrangements; (b) the problem of citizen disengagement is caused by the public's insatiable demand for democratic participation; and (c) the problem with British politics is that there is too much democracy and accountability. Finally, the article closes by identifying points of genuine tension between the Richards/Smith position and that defended by Flinders.     

Policy Decentralization and the Endogenous Effects of State Traditions: Devolution of Water Management in Ghana and Senegal

Abstract

The widely held belief that decentralization of public services would reduce the fiscal burden of deeply indebted states led a large number of developing countries throughout the 1980s and 1990s to embark on devolution and public sector reform. Among the responsibilities that have generally been devolved are the provision and support of drinking water facilities. There is, however, a substantial cross-national difference in implementation records of public service devolution. This paper argues that state-building legacies, which shaped the capacity of local governments and the opportunity structure of local governments to cooperate with indigenous communities, explain this variation. This argument is analyzed in the context of devolution of water supply in Ghana and Senegal. The analysis shows that the weak capacity of local governments is compensated in Ghana, but not in Senegal, through co-optation of historically strong traditional authorities into local governance structures.     

我国农村公共物品供给总量不足的现状分析

当前，我国农村公共物品供给严重短缺，极大地阻碍了农村经济社会的发展和农民生活水平的提高。我们应积极探求农村公共物品供给短缺形成的原因，从而有的放矢地寻求解决对策，实现农村公共物品的有效供给。     

改进农村信贷扶贫工作的思考

信贷扶贫是扶贫开发的重要方武,但由于政策、体制等多种原因,信贷扶贫工作出现了一些不容忽视的问题,迫切需 要从管理体制、管理办法、贷款贴患、资金循环机制、基础管理等方面采取综合有力的措施加以解决。     

民工荒形成原因再探

民工荒问题绝非偶然现象,更不是某一原因造成的,而是由于近年来经济的高速增长、企业用工呈现的特定生产模式、因人口问题而导致的老龄化的加速、职业病对劳动力的损害增加、不容乐观的健康状况、基础教育的发展减少了16岁以下未成年人进入劳动力市场的供给数量等几大因素综合作用的结果。     

日本提高消费税增加公共年金收入研究

日本人口出生率的不断下降和老年人口的不断增加，使公共年金制度的可持续发展遇到巨大挑战。为此，日本政府想通过提高消费税来增加公共年金收入，维持其收支平衡。本文从公共年金的需求弹性特点出发，研究了日本提高消费税的必要性和可行性等，并得出了启示。