Farming for Walmart: the politics of corporate control and responsibility in the global South

To analyse corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a business tool and as a way to promote food security in the global South, this article draws on 65 interviews with supply chain personnel and a 2013 survey of 250 smallholder farmers in Nicaragua. Contrary to private governance literature, Walmart's efforts to control supply chains in Nicaragua are not advancing rural sustainability; feelings of mistrust and unfairness persist among farmers, and many are returning to local markets to regain independence. This analysis extends our understanding of why CSR is failing to help agrarian societies and confirms CSR as principally a business strategy.     

关于采暖计量收费的技术方案及应用分析

根据实际情况 ,对新建楼房、原有住宅楼和公建等计量收费改造分别提出了技术方案 ,并对计量收费改革中存在的问题提出了一些建议。     

我国政府信息资源增值服务的市场化供给机制探析

本文以政府信息资源增值开发的基本内涵为基础,借鉴国内外学者的研究成果,分析了我国政府信息资源增值服务市场化供给机制的优势及面临的困境,并提出相应的对策建议。     

弱者安全权的平衡与供给

弱者安全权是弱者生存和发展的前提,当弱者由于自身的脆弱性与不利性不能实现充分的安全自力救济时,必须建立平衡的供给结构。弱者的能力贫困是弱者安全能力不足的主要原因,对能力贫困实行补助,是基于权利位阶理论推导出的安全权优先原则以及基于社会契约理论推导出的倾斜性保护原则。弱者的安全权行使是一个悖论,弱者往往会成为事实与想象中的安全事件制造者,实施硬暴力以积极掠夺或利用弱者身份消极抵抗。弱者的安全困境在于弱者安全感的缺失与常规安全供给不足,弱者很难实现身份转化与充分信息下的策略选择。应兼采安全规范的立法差别化与司法和执法均等化,推动以公民身份和社区参与为内容的安全权力重组。     

The Effect of Medical Marijuana Laws on the Health and Labor Supply of Older Adults: Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study

Older adults are at elevated risk of reducing labor supply due to poor health, partly because of high rates of symptoms that may be alleviated by medical marijuana. Yet, surprisingly little is known about how this group responds to medical marijuana laws (MMLs). We quantify the effects of state medical marijuana laws on the health and labor supply of adults age 51 and older, focusing on the 55 percent with one or more medical conditions with symptoms that may respond to medical marijuana. We use longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study to estimate event study and differences‐in‐differences regression models. Three principle findings emerge from our analysis. First, active state medical marijuana laws lead to lower pain and better self‐assessed health among older adults. Second, state medical marijuana laws lead to increases in older adult labor supply, with effects concentrated on the intensive margin. Third, the effects of MMLs are largest among older adults with a health condition that would qualify for legal medical marijuana use under current state laws. Findings highlight the role of health policy in supporting work among older adults and the importance of including older adults in assessments of state medical marijuana laws.     

边际供求价格递变规律研究

市场价格主要由供求关系决定的。需求增加供给不变或者需求的增加大于供给的增加,市场价格就会上升;当供给增加需求不变或者需求的增加小于供给的增加,市场价格就会下降。边际需求的增加、边际供给的增加、边际供求差额的变化与价格的升降幅度之间存在怎样的关系呢？本文借鉴边际成本递减规律从理论和实证两方面论证边际需求价格递增规律、边际供给价格递减规律、边际供求价格递变规律。     

公众预期对我国房地产宏观调控政策影响分析

1998年以来中国的房地产宏观调控发展历程经历了五阶段,各阶段公众预期呈现出不同的特征,并对调控政策效果产生了影响。因此,房地产市场调控政策的出台必须从调整房地产市场供求关系、建立长效机制、加强媒体与舆论的引导和管理以及保持政策的连续性、稳定性和长期性等加强公众预期管理等方面考虑。     

以社区为平台构建农村公共服务多元供给机制

农村社区能够为市场、社会以及农民自身参与公共服务供给提供平台和机会,有助于形成政府、市场、社会、农民多元供给主体的合力。保障农村公共服务有效供给,必须构建政府主导、市场优化、社会协同、农民参与“四位一体”的农村公共服务多元供给机制。     

政府、社会组织合作供给公共服务的困境及趋势

公共服务供给是政府存在的逻辑起点,但是公共事务结构的复杂化和多样化对这种传统模式形成了挑战,合作供给成为了一种现实选择。政府与社会组织合作供给公共服务既有历史基础的沉淀、理论基础的夯实,也有国际经验的充实和技术力量的支撑,这样的选择逻辑为两者的合作提供了现实可能性。但是通过对两者合作现状的评估,发现政府与社会组织合作供给公共服务面临着目标一致困境、监督困境和能力困境,应寻求两者合作的新模式,对其困境进行化解。     

能源法视角下的环境安全观

能源环境安全日益成为能源安全不可剥离的伴生因素。能源环境安全的实质是化石能源的生产、消费带来的外部性问题。解决能源环境问题必须融入能源政策、法律规范。我国能源立法应当扩展能源安全价值视角,确立能源环境安全价值观,以此奠定建立环境友好型与资源节约型社会的法律价值基础。