村务工作监督机制构建

完善村务民主管理工作需要制度创新,需要建立完整的监督机制.健全的监督机制本身是一个复杂的体系,它应该包括被监督者自律监督,专职的村务监督委员会监督,独立的中介组织监督以及基层政府的有限监管和基层司法机关积极的司法监督.村务监督机制的每一个组成部分都因其独有的作用而不可忽视.     

破解中小企业融资难的思考

中小企业融资难,不仅困扰着企业自身的发展,也严重制约了地方经济的发展。化解中小企业融资困境,已成为当前政府、企业和银行共同面临的一个重大课题。     

未成年人刑事案件社会调查制度论纲

未成年人一般具有极强可塑性。如果法官的判决是有利于其改过自新的,则此种基于刑罚个别化的判决对该未成年人而言,无疑是再社会化和预防犯罪的良方。蕴涵人格调查的社会调查制度应当是形成前述判决的基础。在我国少年司法制度尚不完备的当下,应以该制度的正当性为基点展开研究,以期运用于少年刑事司法实践。     

甘肃省产业工人阶层生活感受问卷调查

改革开放以来,甘肃省城乡经济稳步发展,城乡居民生活水平有了明显提高。2005年,甘肃省人均生产总值7341元,这个数字低于全国平均水平,但是,它也显示甘肃同全国一样进入了一个新的发展时期,即经济的快速发展与社会矛盾的凸显并存的时期。通过对问卷调查结果的分析研究,客观真实地了解和认识当前产业工人的生活感受,这对各级政府和社会各界了解民意、体察民情,探寻某些社会问题的解决途径,实现改革、发展、稳定的目标,构建和谐社会都有着十分重要的意义。     

浅谈国家赔偿费用支付方式的完善

近年来,对于国家赔偿费用支付方式的研究较少,本文指出了改变现有国家赔偿费用支付方式的重要性和迫切性,并提出采用统一的赔偿金支付方式和利用中介组织支付、管理国家赔偿基金的建议。     

论对上市公司中小投资者的权益保护

我国上市公司的中小投资者权益受到严重损害 ,根本原因是上市公司股份畸形 ,纠正上市公司畸形股份 ,完善上市公司治理结构 ,是保护中小投资者权益的重要措施。     

Just punishments: Guideline sentences and normative consensus

The federal sentencing guidelines prescribe ranges of sentences to be given to persons convicted of felonies in the federal criminal courts. The U.S. Sentencing Commission wrote the guidelines attempting to make sentences conform to community views of appropriate punishments, along with several other criteria. Employing data from a 1994 national sample of adult Americans, designed as a factorial survey, the degree of correspondence is shown between guidelines sentences and those desired by the American public. Although at the individual level only a modest degree of concordance was found, the central tendencies of public opinion (median sentences) were found to correspond quite closely to the guidelines sentences. The major points of disagreement centered around drug trafficking crimes: the guidelines prescribed very long sentences for those crimes and distinguished sharply among trafficking in heroin, powder cocaine, and crack, whereas median sentences desired by the public were much lower and did not distinguish sharply among trafficking in those drugs. We interpret the findings as indicating that the guidelines sentences conform reasonably closely to American normative consensus concerning the sentencing of federal felons.The research reported in this article was commissioned by the U.S. Sentencing Commission. The views expressed in this article are not necessarily endorsed by the Commission. Full expositions of the findings from the national survey used are given by Rossi and Berk (1995, 1997).     

Using network sampling in crime victimization surveys

Since crime victimizations are statistically rare events, surveys to estimate rates of victimization are difficult and expensive. In this paper, we examine the advantages of network sampling over traditional methods for conducting crime victimization surveys. Network sampling links population households in specified ways, for reporting purposes, in order to increase the probabilities of locating households with particular characteristics. We conducted a reverse record check field experiment to test whether a telephone survey using network sampling is feasible to collect crime victimization data. Three types of crimes-burglary, robbery, and assault-were tested along with two types of networks-relatives and co-workers/close friends. This paper examines the extent to which victims report their victimization experiences in a general crime and victimization interview and the extent to which a randomly selected relative or close friend will report the same victimization incident in an identical interview. A number of multiplicity counting rules are compared in terms of reporting errors and a mean square error analysis.     

Marital status and woman abuse theory

An area that has received insufficient attention in woman abuse studies is marital status. Although many feel that ending the marriage will end the violence, this may not be the case. An examination of National Crime Survey victimization data shows that most victims are, at the time of the interview, divorced or separated. There are reasons to believe that this is partially accounted for by the fact that many or even most women leave abusive relationships. If this is the case, then the traditional question of why women remain in battering marriages is improperly put. If most women do take appropriate steps, then we need much more information on both how women are victimized by ex-spouses and how women take active steps to improve their own lives.     

Self-reports of Police Speeding Stops by Race: Results from the North Carolina Reverse Record Check Survey

Survey reports of police stops and driving behavior are a potential methodology for examining the magnitude and prevalence of the “Driving While Black” phenomena. However, estimates of the magnitude or correlates of racial disparity in police stops from self-reported survey data are potentially compromised if the accuracy of self-reports of police stops and driving behavior differ by race. We report on the results of a reverse record check survey in which we directly assess the degree and consequences of differences by race in self-reports of police stops. In our sample of drivers who had been cited for speeding in the preceding year, we found that 77% of the White respondents and 71% of the African American respondents admitted to being stopped. While both groups underreport stops, African Americans do so at a higher rate. This finding is consistent with many past studies which report stronger social desirability effects on survey responses among African Americans. Thus, survey data will tend to underestimate the magnitude of the “Driving While Black” phenomena.