司法审判的法哲学分析

司法判决是制度、事实、个人活动的合因之果,判决形成的思维工具包括法律解释和法律推理;判决以确定性为特征,而法官形成判决过程中的判断却具有综合性。     

整合农村区域文化资源开发综合实践活动社区课程

农村有丰富的文化资源,整合后的文化资源,才能转化为学校的教育资源.学校教育资源课程化,使资源更能为学生个性发展服务.通过对农村区域文化资源的整合,开发综合实践活动的社区课程,使文化资源在区域内降低了开发成本,提高了利用价值.因此,明确农村区域文化资源整合的原则、方法和途径就显得更为重要.     

Why meta-research matters to regulation and governance scholarship: An illustrative evidence synthesis of responsive regulation research

This article is an introduction to meta-research, a systematic and replicable process of synthesizing research findings across a body of original research. After introducing the reader to the core of meta-research methodology, meta-research logic and tools are applied to present an evidence synthesis of empirical research on responsive regulation. The article concludes with a meta-research agenda for regulation and governance scholarship, and five key lessons from the empirical responsive regulation literature.     

Neutral heroin impurities from tetrahydrobenzylisoquinoline alkaloids

Laudanosine, reticuline, codamine, and laudanine are members of the tetrahydrobenzylisoquinoline family of natural products. These alkaloids are present in the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and are subsequently found as impurities in clandestinely processed morphine. Morphine is then synthesized to heroin using hot acetic anhydride. During the course of this study, it was determined that these four tetrahydrobenzylisoquinolines undergo degradation to a series of 18 neutral impurities when subjected to hot acetic anhydride. Based on the degradation pathway, these new impurities were categorized into two sets of impurities called the C1-acetates compounds and the stilbene compounds. Synthesis, isolation, and structural elucidation information is provided for the tetrahydrobenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, and the new neutral impurities have been studied. Several hundred authentic heroin samples were analyzed using an established heroin signature program method. This methodology features the detection of trace neutral impurities present in heroin samples. It was determined that all 18 new impurities were detected in various quantities in four different types of heroin samples. Analytical results featuring these new impurities are reported for South American-, Southwest Asian-, Mexican-, and Southeast Asian-type heroin samples. These new impurities, coupled with other established forensic markers, enhance the ability to classify illicit heroin samples.     

西伯利亚燃料能源综合体对环境的影响

西伯利亚联邦区能源综合体对该地区经济发展具有重要作用,但同时它也是环境的一个主要污染源。尽管西伯利亚联邦区在实施燃料能源综合体项目时采用了净化设施,但目前还不可能完全消除燃料能源部门对环境造成的负面影响。因此,能源综合体必须加强环保工作,尽快采取切实可行的措施。     

瓜蒌薤白对高脂血症小鼠肝脏三酰甘油合成及SIRT1/AMPK通路的影响

目的 观察瓜蒌薤白对高脂血症小鼠肝脏三酰甘油（triglyceride,TG）合成及沉默信息调节因子1（silent information regulator 1,SIRT1）/腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶（AMP-activated protein kinase,AMPK）通路的影响。方法 将40只高脂饲料喂养20周的载脂蛋白E基因敲除小鼠随机分为模型组,瓜蒌薤白低、中、高剂量组,阿托伐他汀组,每组8只;另设8只具有相同遗传背景的C57BL/6J小鼠作为空白组。酶法检测血清TG、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）水平;ELISA及qRT-PCR法检测肝脏脂肪酸合成酶（fatty acid synthase,FAS）和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（acetyl CoA carboxylase,ACC）含量及mRNA表达水平;Western blot及qRT-PCR法检测肝脏胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白1（sterol regulatory element -binding protein-1,SREBP-1）、碳水化合物反应元件结合蛋白（carbohydrate response element-binding protein,ChREBP）、SIRT1、AMPK蛋白及mRNA表达水平。结果 瓜蒌薤白降低血清TG、TC及LDL-C水平,升高血清HDL-C水平,降低肝脏TG合成酶FAS和ACC含量及mRNA表达水平,下调肝脏TG合成蛋白SREBP-1、ChREBP表达水平,显著上调SIRT1表达水平,下调AMPK表达水平。结论 瓜蒌薤白调节高脂血症小鼠血脂水平的机制可能与其激活SIRT1/AMPK通路,抑制肝脏TG合成相关蛋白及合成酶表达,抑制TG内源性合成有关。