Gender,Development and Security in Yemen’s Transition Process

ABSTRACT

How policies at international level approach the gender dimension becomes salient, even urgent, for women whose countries are immersed in war and conflict, and who without effective governance at more local levels, rely entirely on these policies. The way Yemen is presented in the documents and media reports from selected members of the ‘Friends of Yemen’ donor group is in this study discussed in light of a range of narratives identified by Stern and Öjendal (2010) 2005; Cockburn 2007; Henry 2007; Shepherd 2008), ‘gender’ seems to be relevant to international and put into a feminist security perspective. The further aim is to reflect on the inter-linkages of gender, security and development at the level of donor motivations for aid, given on the one hand the recent prominence of the security agenda in the policy discourses of international interventions, and on the other the international attention to women’s contribution to development in Yemen. I ask if a gender dimension is highlighted, subsumed, or absent. Despite feminist analyses of security as deeply gendered (e.g. Tickner 1992) ‘gender’ seems to be relevant in international security policies by implication only: Since it is necessary to include and consider gender in development processes, gender is relevant for the security-development nexus. This is how ‘gender’ feeds smoothly into existing policy discourses which claim that development is dependent on security in the country that needs to develop and vice versa; its security is dependent on development.     

GPA：拓展两岸合作空间的有效途径

建立海峡两岸政府采购协议（GPA）平台，是进一步推进和深化两岸合作，确保实现的有力保障。两岸正处在GPA有效合作的一个难得的“窗口期”。两岸GPA合作有着独特的优势，也存在一定的障碍，这将考验也将进一步证明两岸人民的智慧。本文为此提供了一些对策思考。     

时间频率对扫描图像视觉诱发电位视力的影响

目的研究不同时间频率条件下,扫描图像视觉诱发电位（sweep pattern visual evoked response,SPVER）视力的变化。方法受试者分为低视力组（71眼）与高视力组（92眼）,应用一组空间频率进行刺激,时间频率分别为8.5、10、15、20Hz,根据测得的SPVER视力与主观视力比较,判断不同时间频率条件下测得的SPVER视力的准确性。结果在低视力组,应用该组空间频率,其SPVER视力与主观视力相关性较好;在高视力组,SPVER视力出现低估。在两组中,当时间频率均为10Hz时,SPVER视力与主观视力相关性较好。结论应用SPVER检查时,时间频率对检查结果有影响,法医学鉴定时应当重视时间频率的选择。     

‘I can't even buy a bed because I don't know if I'll have to leave tomorrow’: temporal orientations among Mexican precarious status migrants in Toronto

This paper analyzes the links between migrant illegalization and precarious status migrants' temporal orientations. I begin by evaluating research on three research orientations in this area: (1) research that focuses on temporal contingency versus temporal teleology; (2) research about immigration status, illegalization, and time; and (3) research on the link between precarious immigration status and precarious work. I then draw on interviews with 13 Mexican migrants with precarious immigration status to discuss how immigration status affects migrants' ability to make plans, secure decent work, and experience a sense of belonging in the context of reception (Toronto, Canada). I conclude by arguing for a framework of temporal contingency when analyzing precarious status migrants' narratives of temporal orientations.     

基于DEA模型的我国政府社会管理职能绩效评价研究——以30个省(直辖市、自治区)为统计样本的实证分析

政府社会管理职能绩效评价是政府管理中的一个重点和难点问题。本文采用数据包络分析模型对中国30个省(直辖市、自治区)的政府社会管理职能绩效进行时空差异分析和实证评价。研究发现,30个省(直辖市、自治区)的政府社会管理职能绩效具有空间差异性、雁行形态和区域梯度性、时间动态变化性、结构复杂性特征。为进一步提高我国政府社会管理职能绩效,本文提出了有关对策建议。     

The reincorporation and redistribution of trace geoforensic particulates on clothing: An introductory study

Two experimental studies were undertaken to investigate the processes of reincorporation and redistribution of trace evidence on garments when worn by a suspect or a victim (reincorporation) or after the garments have been seized and packaged for subsequent forensic analysis (redistribution). The first experiment utilised UV powder, an established proxy for geoforensic trace particulates and the second experiment utilised daffodil pollen transferred onto garments under conditions that mimicked forensic reality. It was demonstrated that reincorporation of trace particulates occurs from upper to lower parts of the same garment and also from upper garments to lower garments. Reincorporation also occurred to all areas of the lower garments, however the highest concentration of particulates was found to be the lap area of the jeans. Particulates also tended to be preserved around technical details such as stitching or relief design features of the garments. Thus the decay of particulates after a contact has been made does not necessarily involve a loss of those particulates from the entire system. These findings have implications for the interpretation of trace evidence when seeking to establish the source of initial contacts or the chronology of pertinent events. The second study demonstrated that folding and packaging items of clothing leads to a redistribution of any trace particulate evidence that is present thereby eliciting an alteration in the spatial distribution of that evidence. There is therefore a necessity to take the context of trace evidence into account and also to follow protocols that are sensitive to these aspects of trace evidence behaviour as a failure to do so may have consequences for the correct interpretation of such evidence.     

Assessing the influence of the Columbine shooting on federal sentencing outcomes

School shootings are not a new phenomenon in the United States or internationally. In comparison to other acts of violence experienced by youth, such tragedies are uncommon but garner extensive media attention. The Columbine High School shooting received more attention across a broader range of issues than any other school shooting, with only the Sandy Hook tragedy rivaling it for media attention. In the aftermath of the Columbine shooting, public sentiment regarding violence in schools became a central point of contention that bred fear and panic. Given the embeddedness of judges within the larger community context and the effects of community characteristics on sentencing outcomes, we wondered if the Columbine shooting – via moral panic and community upheaval – might have had an impact on judges imposing criminal sentences. To assess the effect of the Columbine shooting on judicial decision-making outcomes, the current study uses United States Sentencing Commission data from 1998 through 2001. In doing so, it contributes to the extant literature concerning the embeddedness of judges within communities and answers recent call for more research on the temporal context of sentencing disparities.     

Temporal transaction patterns in an open-air cannabis market

This article describes the results of a nine-month covert surveillance operation of Scandinavia’s principal open-air cannabis market, an area known as Christiania in Copenhagen Denmark. The data detail the time of day of retail transactions from four different sale positions, both outdoor (daytime: n = 1.123, nighttime: n = 1.282) and indoor (n = 63,413). The analysis provides insights into the tempo, rhythm and timing of cannabis transactions, over the course of a day, on weekends compared to weekdays and in relation to payday. It is found that buyers prefer lower price over wider selection and that sellers adapt their opening hours according to temporal patterns in transaction frequency. The findings are relevant for deployment of police resources in regards to maintaining post-crackdown residual deterrence.     

汉英时间隐喻概念及其文化意义

隐喻是语言的基本特征,也是人类认识世界的方式。汉语和英语中都有不少的时间隐喻,其隐喻概念既有相似性,也有差异性。本文从时间的“本体隐喻”、“结构性隐喻”和“方向性隐喻”等方面对汉英时间隐喻概念加以比较,分析了异同形成的原因,揭示了汉英时间隐喻概念所蕴含的文化意义,有助于我们认识自身文化,学习西方文化。