Ukrainianization,terror and famine: coverage in Lviv's Dilo and the nationalist press of the 1930s

This article looks at the press coverage of Ukrainianization, the Soviet terror, and the famine (Holodomor), particularly in the years 1932–33, focusing on the largest Ukrainian daily outside Soviet Ukraine, the Lviv Dilo. It compares this coverage to the reporting in the press of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). It argues that these two years were a turning point in political attitudes. Galician Ukrainians turned away from the Communist Party of Ukraine and support for the OUN began to grow. Ironically, the OUN had not led protests against the famine, but benefited from the lack of a strong response from European governments and international bodies. The article draws on a reading of the Ukrainian press of the 1930s, and on recent research by Polish and Ukrainian scholars.     

The recovery of radical Islam in the wake of the defeat of the Taliban11Many of the websites cited in this article have either been suppressed or have moved from address to address. When this is the case I have placed an asterix in brackets (∗) at the end of the URL.

This article analyses the intellectual and religious processes through which radical Islam has had to confront its defeat in Afghanistan and rebuild during the period since that time, including paradigms of battle, dreams and martyrologies and apocalyptic readings of history and current events.     

Political Violence and Terrorism in Turkey, 1976–80: A Retrospective Analysis

During the late 1970s, Turkey experienced a major campaign of political terrorism that was waged by a multiplicity of leftist, ultranationalist, and separatist groups. Between 1976 and 1980, more than 5000 people lost their lives in hundreds of terrorist incidents. The steady escalation of violence amidst a major political and economic crisis undermined the country's fragile democratic system and paved the way for a military coup in September 1980. This study examines the origins and growth of the terrorist movement in Turkey, the main characteristics of political violence, and the causes of the dramatic escalation of terrorism in the late 1970s. The study suggests that although state-sponsored terrorism against Turkey facilitated the rapid proliferation of leftist, rightist, and separatist armed extremist groups, the drift into total terrorism was largely the product of domestic political and social developments.     

Does terrorism create terror?

The conceptual and etymological meaning of the terms ‘terror’ and ‘terrorism’ is so closely connected that it seems difficult to distinguish the one from the other. However, by comparing the idea that terrorism inevitably creates terror with the results of recent empirical studies of the psychological effects of terrorist attacks, four different points of view emerge corresponding to four distinct interpretations of the results. It is thus clearly necessary to redefine the terminology relating to terrorism, in order to conduct the discussion on a more rigorous basis.     

恐怖活动犯罪概念之比较分析——以中美英三国为例

英文terrorism常被译为"恐怖主义",既指某种恐怖的理念,也泛指在恐怖理念指导下的犯罪行为。但如果在法律框架内展开讨论,那么terrorism应当被理解为中文语境下的"恐怖活动犯罪"。我国通过刑法修正案、行政认定标准和最高立法机关决议等形式界定了恐怖活动犯罪,为防范和打击恐怖活动犯罪提供了法律依据。从恐怖活动犯罪的目的、对象、手段和主体方面等角度对中、英、美三国恐怖活动犯罪的概念进行比较分析,可以看出我国对恐怖活动犯罪的界定并未明显宽泛于美国和英国,体现出立法的技巧和前瞻性。     

从执法公信力角度谈公诉人如何提高维护公平正义能力简

当前社会转型时期呈现出主体多元化、矛盾复杂化的特点,在这一新执法环境的作用下,对检察机关中依法承担审查起诉职责的公诉人提出了新的要求。公诉工作执法公信力建设与公诉人维护公平正义能力建设是公诉工作的重要命题,因为公信是公诉工作的基础土壤。也正是得到民众信任的支持,公诉工作才能得以健康发展,也正是因为公诉工作更好地维护了公平正义,公诉工作才真正赢得了民众的信任,进而有效提升检察机关的执法权威。从影响公信力的因素、公信力的来源对公诉公信力进行分析,可以对如何全面提升公诉工作公信力,如何提升公诉人维护公平正义能力提出建设性的意见。     

论暴力恐怖事件发生后社会心理氛围的调控

恐怖犯罪的发生与特定的政治经济环境、国际形势、历史遗留问题等多种因素有关。反恐怖策略固然需要重视对暴力恐怖犯罪的打击,但更要重视营造健康的社会心理氛围,降低既定的社会环境对个体的消极影响,从一般预防的层面减少恐怖犯罪发生的机率。暴力恐怖事件发生后社会心理氛围的调控要注意反恐宣传、社会控制与心理引导等问题。     

论破产法上债务人高管人员民事责任的追究

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law has designed the regime for debtor’s senior managers to bear civil liabilities, while the framework design concerning the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities is still unclear. How to establish a prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities of debtor’s senior managers in line with the purposes of the bankruptcy regime is a substantial issue during the implementation of Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. The realization of the civil liabilities regime of debtor’s senior managers depends on the establishment and operation of a relatively well-developed prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities. The focus of the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities is to determine the subject of prosecution of civil liabilities, the way to realize civil liabilities, and the special hearing proceedings and authorities of the court. Taking steps to clarify and improve the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities focusing on the subjects of prosecution (debtor’s senior managers) and authorities of the court, is the essence and systematic safeguard of realizing the civil liabilities regime of debtor’s senior managers in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. Gan Peizhong, Ph.D, is a professor of law and director of the Research Center for Enterprise and Company Law at Peking University. Prof. Gan is a recognized expert on economic law, company law, bankruptcy law and the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. He has released numerous articles on Chinese law journals and published many books. His major publications include Encyclopedia of Chinese Economic Law (vice editor-in-chief), New Studies on Economic Law (co-editor), New Studies on Enterprise Law (author), Studies on Chinese Economic Adjudication (editor-in-chief), Studies on Foreign Economic Law in Beijing (editor-in-chief), General Theories on Economic Law (co-editor), Legitimate Exercise of the Corporate Control Rights (author). Moreover, he was named the “leading young and middle-aged jurist” by Beijing Law Society in 1999. In addition, Prof. Gan is the deputy-president of the Securities Law Association, a member of the Standing Committee of the Economic Law Association under China Law Society. He also serves as the consultant of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee and Beijing Municipal People’s Congress, as well as the Haidian District Court of Beijing.     

比较法视野下我国的侦检关系及其完善

只了解一国法律制度的人,不可能真正认识本国的法律制度。当今世界,无论是实行＂侦检分离＂的英美法系国家,还是实行＂侦检一体＂的大陆法系国家,侦检关系不再是绝对的＂分离＂或＂一体＂,而都强调侦检双方的协助与合作。针对我国现行侦检关系的暴露出来的诸多问题,以检警双方的＂适当结合＂为核心,建立一种＂检察引导侦查＂新型侦检关系,于理有据,于实有利,符合中国的国情和现代刑事诉讼制度的发展规律。     

程序正义与控辩平衡制度构建

程序正义理念的发展经历了漫长时期。随着人类文化的融合,人们对程序正义的认识逐渐趋同并集中体现在国际公约所确认的众多司法准则之中。无论是学者的理论还是国际公约,平等价值映照下的控辩平衡是程序正义最重要的制度设计。与国际刑事司法准则相较而言,我国刑事诉讼制度控辩关系失衡,应进行制度上的构建。