The Sovereignty Dodge and the Responsibility to Control: Should the US Do What Pakistan Won't Do?1

The killing of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan was justified by the Obama administration as an act of self-defense. Proponents of an expanded notion of self-defense argue that sovereignty implies responsibility not only for the protection of human rights, but also for the provision of public goods more generally, including effective territorial control. States which are unable to control their territory frequently become safe havens for militants who threaten the security of other states. Pakistan is a paradigmatic case of a ‘sovereignty dodge’ who, in the eyes of the United States, has forfeited its sovereign right to non-interference because of its failure to live up to its responsibility to control. In this article I explore the legality of US strikes against militant targets in Pakistan. I conclude that while international jurisprudence continues to adhere to a conservative reading of the rules on the use of force, states themselves have interpreted the law on self-defense more broadly, evincing a desire to keep the rules as indeterminate as possible.     

Conviviality,ego, team and theme behavior in transrational peace education

ABSTRACT

The Innsbruck School of Peace Studies is known for its innovative academic teaching methods under the title Transrational Peace Philosophy. This essay introduces the epistemological fundament of this approach to peace education. It presents the didactic principles for its Strategic Capacity and Relationship Building, combined with Strategic Leadership Training. They are based on the conviviality of students and a curriculum that follows the stages of groups’ task behavior and individual learning by `peeling the onion´ of the Ego. It describes how the didactics are designed for the international, intercultural, interreligious and interdisciplinary groups of students. It demonstrates the five stages of Ego, Team and Theme Behavior during a semester and how the curriculum places courses for best learning results. It discusses the main presumptions on convivial learning processes for academics. The focus is on students who want to work later in a broader field of conflict transformation.     

Gender Differences in Worry About a Terrorist Attack: A Cross-National Examination of Individual- and National-Level Factors

Prior research has found gender to be associated with worry about crime and terrorism. We used World Values Survey data to assess gender differences in worry about terrorism across 54 nations. Analyses also examined the influence of individual- and national-level factors. Women were significantly more worried about terrorism in 22 of the 54 nations. Men in Iraq, Libya, Yemen, and New Zealand were significantly more worried about terrorism than women. Individuals were more likely to worry about terrorism as the nation’s average mortality count in terrorist incidents increased. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.     

回忆录的写作与当代史的存史

当代人要写当代史。回忆录具有档案资料不可替代的存史价值,是历史研究的重要史源,对中国当代史的研究尤其重要。回忆录可以提供许多重要的历史细节,记录历史情态和现场感,同时也不免带有回忆者自我合理性的成分。这就需要各类当事人从不同角度进行历史回忆,在相互印证中去伪存真。参与历史回忆的人越多,越能给后人留下一个客观真实的历史。     

乡村政治研究中的“保护-逆保护”

保护关系与逆保护是人类生活中一种常见的交换关系,保护者与被保护者在资源占有、社会地位、社会影响等方面是不对等的,但保护者在一定情况下可能成为被保护者,而被保护者也有可能成为保护者.在乡村政治研究中.特别是乡村干部之间的关系、村民与村干部之间的关系、村干部的腐败等领域,"保护-逆保护"成为一种具有一定解释力的分析范式.     

Transculturation: Contrapuntal Notes to Critical Orthodoxy1

Transculturation is a frequent point of reference in Latin American cultural studies, but overuse is tending to create a new critical orthodoxy, and inattention to precise definition may be compromising effectiveness. This article assesses current deployments of the term and, through a close reading of the theoretical section of Ortiz’s Contrapunteo cubano, seeks to establish an understanding of what is involved in the cultural and human experience of transculturation. It concludes by examining recent critiques of the term and suggests a sceptical view of the potential for and limits on transculturation in the global context of Latin American cultures.     

Topics in terrorism research: reviewing trends and gaps, 2007-2016

ABSTRACT

The topical focus of research on terrorism has frequently been critiqued for being too narrow, too event-driven and too strongly tied to governments’ counterterrorism policies. This article uses keyword analysis to assess the degree to which these issues remain present in the literature on terrorism as represented by the 3.442 articles published between 2007 and 2016 in nine of the field’s leading academic journals. Several fluctuations notwithstanding, research on terrorism has retained a strong focus on al-Qaeda, jihadist terrorism more generally, and the geographic areas most strongly associated with this type of terrorist violence. Results also indicate that the field remains event-driven and consistently underemphasizes state terrorism as well as non-jihadist terrorism, such as that perpetrated by right-wing extremists.     

论国际恐怖主义的全球化趋势与国际法律控制

当前国际恐怖主义呈现出强劲的全球化发展趋势 ,而现行国际反恐法制治标不治本、规则取向不足、条约的巴尔干式、反恐措施单一、国际合作欠深入等弱点都亟待克服。只有全面构建和完善国际反恐法制 ,在断定和惩治国际恐怖主义方面具有更多的规则取向 ,并加强联合国在国际反恐斗争中的主导和协调作用 ,国际恐怖主义犯罪才会得到有效控制。而要彻底根除国际恐怖主义 ,必须建立国际政治、经济和文化新秩序。     

关于国际恐怖主义犯罪的研究

文章在分析恐怖主义、恐怖主义犯罪及国际恐怖主义犯罪三者关系的基础上,着重探讨了国际恐怖主义犯罪的概念、犯罪构成及其与相关刑事犯罪的区别,旨在于国际恐怖主义犯罪日益猖獗的今天为打击该类犯罪提供刑法上的理论依据。     

我国政策执行研究现状的实证分析

政策执行是公共政策研究的重要领域,政策执行的研究对于正在转轨中的中国有着很强的现实意义。目前,我国政策执行研究呈现逐年递增的趋势,且有很强的实践导向,但在实地和实验研究方面几乎是空白。今后更应注重理论的运用和研究方法的科学化,关注信息网络对政策执行理论的影响,注重政策手段的研究,真正使政策执行的研究更具中国特色。