商业银行、非银行金融机构与恐怖组织洗钱犯罪研究

9·11事件后,尽管国际社会付出了巨大努力,但斩断恐怖组织"金融血管"的行动却收效甚微,由于种种原因,商业银行、非银行金融机构仍是恐怖组织洗钱的首选路径,因此,必须从体制,机制、观念等方面进行创新,以发挥银行系统反洗钱的整体功能。     

Subcultural Theory Applied to Jihadi and Right-Wing Radicalization in Germany

This article assesses the applicability of subcultural theories to individual cases of jihadi and Right-wing radicalization in Germany, with a focus on the individual initial situation and motivation for involvement. Within an overall qualitative research design, the article tests deviance/strain and Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS) subcultural theories against four jihadi and three Right-wing extremist cases. The findings show little support for the strain-based status frustration hypothesis, but confirm the illegitimate opportunity structure thesis; modified versions of the CCCS’ resistance, bricolage, and homology concepts; as well as some of the postmodern approaches to agency and cultural cross-fertilization. The jihadi and Right-wing radicals examined here are assertive and purposive agents, strategically using the rich cultural arsenal available in the mainstream and/or other subcultures, while at the same time being themselves influenced by contemporary mainstream preferences of style. The article discusses the implications of these findings for radicalization research and specific subcultural approaches. It argues for a greater focus on both individual agency and the (sub-)cultural context for an improved understanding of individual involvement in political violence.     

论我国反恐怖刑事立法的完善

我国在反恐怖方面的刑事立法还有诸多不足之处,宏观上看存在法律体系散乱,指导思想不明确,程序法缺失等问题;微观上看存在恐怖犯罪地位不明,罪名遗漏较多等问题。应该结合我国实际, 借鉴国外通行做法,构建以反恐怖法为中心的反恐怖法律体系。     

刑法应增设包庇、纵容恐怖活动组织罪

当前恐怖活动组织活动猖獗,制造了大量恐怖事件,为此我国在《刑法修正案》(三)中增设了几种罪名以适应打击恐怖犯罪的需要。然而,《刑法》尚未规定包庇、纵容恐怖活动组织罪,对有些犯罪行为尚难以处罚,因而我国刑法中应尽早增设包庇、纵容恐怖活动组织罪。包庇、纵容恐怖活动组织罪是指国家机关工作人员包庇恐怖活动组织或者纵容恐怖活动组织进行违法犯罪的行为。     

俄罗斯车臣恐怖主义产生的根源

近年来,俄罗斯境内频繁发生车臣恐怖分子的袭击事件。究其原因有5方面:1.俄、车民族结怨很深且由来已久,这使得车臣族人很容易拿起武器,随时准备着用暴力证明自己的正确;2.冷战结束以后,一部分车臣人谋求政治独立,结果遭受俄军一再打击,受害者转而寻求以武力复仇;3.车臣地区社会贫困、经济文化发展落后,使得一些车臣人迫于生活压力从事恐怖活动;4.伊斯兰教原教旨主义不断向车臣地区渗透扩张,使部分车臣青年产生了驱逐甚至消灭俄罗斯异教徒的激进思想;5.包括穆斯林国家战斗人员、本·拉登“基地”组织和前阿富汗塔利班政权在内的国际恐怖势力的公开支持以及某些国家的纵容立场,都对车臣恐怖分子起到了姑息养奸的作用。惟其如此,俄罗斯国内的恐怖主义问题不仅层出不穷,而且成了一个久治难愈的顽症。     

浅谈恐怖犯罪的特征及处置对策

兴起于20世纪60年代末的现代恐怖主义,不仅在发展和蔓延速度上来势凶猛,像爱滋病一样肆虐全球,而且在侵害目标、犯罪手段、犯罪后果等方面有了极大的变化。面对现代恐怖犯罪活动,采取怎样的对策才能进行有力的打击和有效的防范,是当今世界各国所面临的一个重要问题。我国同样也面临着恐怖主义的威胁,因此,研究恐怖犯罪的特征,并制定出相应的处置对策,具有十分重要的现实意义。     

Community Resilience to Militant Islamism: Who and What?: An Explorative Study of Resilience in Three Danish Communities

Building community resilience to violent extremism increasingly figures as a goal in national security strategies and debates. The exact meaning of resilience remains unclear, complicating an informed discussion of whom and what to support. This article presents findings from an explorative study of resilience to militant Islamism in three Danish communities. It shows how families and trust-based networks, including local government, are the major sources of resilience, but also how punitive national policies and discourses work at cross purposes with resilience-building by reducing local actors’ willingness and ability to share their problems, tailor solutions to local conditions, and mobilize collectively.     

论恐怖主义犯罪的发展趋势及防治策略

恐怖主义犯罪具有恐怖性、破坏性、政治性或社会性、新闻效应性等特点,呈发生日益频繁、对象趋于泛化、威胁范围日益扩大、危害日益严重的发展趋势。防治恐怖主义犯罪,要注重标本兼治、预防与打击相结合,强化反恐情报的主导和预防作用,推进反恐法律体系建设以及国际合作。     

Weak States,State Failure,and Terrorism

It is common to hear the assertion that weak or failed states are fertile ground for terrorism. Yet terrorist groups have emerged from, and operated within, countries which have strong, stable states and a variety of systems of government. Terrorist organizations operate in weak and failed states but it is not necessarily the condition of weak or failed statehood which explains their presence. Moreover, it is not necessarily the weakest states which do host such groups. Therefore, this condition is not a sufficient explanation for their presence. While weak or failed states might provide an enabling environment for certain types of terrorist groups to operate, additional explanatory variables need to be identified.     

恐怖主义犯罪的认定及防治

防治恐怖主义犯罪重点在于对恐怖活动犯罪定罪处罚和国际合作打击恐怖组织。认定恐怖活动犯罪应从其特殊目的、恐怖手段、公开性、国际性方面把握;认定恐怖组织宜采取行政认定模式,便于开展国际反恐合作。增加恐怖活动犯罪的罪名、加重法定刑和完善反恐诉讼程序是刑法打击恐怖主义犯罪的可行之举;加强出入境管理、严格监管金融活动、严格控制危险物品流通和建立专门反恐机构是国际反恐合作的有效措施。