Post-9/11 counterterrorism in popular culture: the spectacle and reception of The Bourne Ultimatum and 24

This article examines the representation of counterterrorism in contemporary film and television and surveys its reception among active online audiences. Contemporary counterterrorism fiction like The Bourne Ultimatum (2007 The Bourne ultimatum. 2007. Film. Directed by Paul Greengrass. Produced by Doug Liman, Henry Morrison and Jeffrey M. Weiner. USA.  [Google Scholar]; Film. Directed by Paul Greengrass) and the TV series 24 (2001–2010; Television series. Created by Robert Cochran and Joel Surnow), present viewers with conventional hero-driven narratives wrapped in a spectacle of high-tech surveillance technologies. As counterterrorism is an inherently covert exercise, the widespread popularity of these Hollywood franchises raises questions about how the public understands the capabilities and ethics of counterterrorism. These questions are addressed through an analysis of the generic and aesthetic features of the texts along with a survey of audience responses on the Internet Movie Database (IMDb).     

刑讯逼供的法律结构原因和根本对策

客观真实论的刑事诉讼证明标准、不合理的犯罪构成结构是侦查人员采取刑讯手段逼取口供的内在动因。必须实现审判权的完全独立,并加强审判公开,确立法官在刑事诉讼中的完全主导地位,由法官对案件自由地进行实质判断和心证,才能降低证明标准,使侦查人员从对口供的极力追求中解脱出来,从根本上遏制刑讯逼供。     

试论被追诉人获得权利告知的权利——从遏制刑讯逼供的角度

获得权利告知的权利是被追诉者享有的一项重要权利,与侦查机关的告知义务共同构成了一个问题的两个方面,体现了权利制约权力的理念。本文从遏制刑讯逼供的角度,分别就该项权利的含义和内容、对遏制刑讯逼供的意义及我国立法在该项权利保障方面的不足和改进方向进行了论述。     

应确立口供相对任意性的采证规则

口供作为法定证据中的一种,在诉讼中具有真伪两面性,真实的口供有利于查禁犯罪,而虚假的口供却极易诱发冤假错案。民主法制先进的国家在对待口供问题上都确立了一系列的可采性规则,其中主要是自白的任意性规则。在我国只应确立口供的相对任意性规则,这主要是基于我国的基本国情和刑事诉讼的任务,也是基于诉讼的价值平衡决定的。确立口供相对任意性的采信规则具有一定价值,有利于发现案件真实,提高办案质量,使诉讼更加人性化。但存在影响口供相对任意性采信规则的一些因素,所以要保障口供相对任意性规则的实施。     

刑讯逼供存在的可能性及其防范--以讯问犯罪嫌疑人为视角

讯问犯罪嫌疑人是一项极为重要的侦查活动。在实践中,刑讯逼供往往成为犯罪嫌疑人接受讯问时所面临的最大风险。我国刑事诉讼应重视本国国情,立足本国的国民性,在犯罪嫌疑人讯问程序中注入一种人文精神,以人文关怀的方式获取犯罪嫌疑人的"自白"。     

刑讯逼供罪的司法认定与立法完善

在当前的司法实践中,刑讯逼供现象依然普遍存在,已成为学界关注和探讨的焦点问题。我国刑法虽然对刑讯逼供罪规定了较重的刑罚,但在本罪的立法上存在缺陷。从犯罪客体考虑,刑讯逼供罪有其独特的犯罪特质,目前归属于侵犯公民人身权利罪欠妥当,应归属于渎职罪。在犯罪主体上,应当对"司法工作人员"的身份做出更科学的界定。在立法上,应将本罪设置为情节犯,对造成"致人伤残、死亡"后果的处罚,应当视不同情况分别处理。     

法治视野下我国刑事审讯程序的反思与改革

刑讯逼供等非法取证行为早已为现代国家所诟病。在我国,刑讯逼供已经成了一个“不可忽视”的问题。在法治理念下审讯程序包含了无罪推定原则、嫌疑人享有反对强迫自证其罪特权和沉默权和审讯手段文明化、人道化等内容。我国应在一定程度上借鉴现代法治国家设计的正当化审讯程序,这对于正在实施“依法治国”方略的中国而言,无疑具有相当的价值。我国的审讯程序应当从确立无罪推定原则、赋予犯罪嫌疑人沉默权等方面逐步、渐进地予以改革。     

Cultural and Spiritual Constructions of Mental Distress and Associated Coping Mechanisms of Tibetans in Exile: Implications for Western Interventions

The Tibet-TPO project in Dharamsala, North India aims to provideculturally sensitive psychosocial support to Tibetan refugees.In this study we have examined the cultural and spiritual constructionsof mental distress of Tibetan exiles from a secondary analysisof previously published data. Tibetans refugees' constructionsof mental distress were intimately linked to cultural, religiousand political factors. Family and religious support were regardedas key coping strategies, yet many new refugees lacked bothfamily support and detailed knowledge and understanding of TibetanBuddhism. Not all of those interviewed were positive about ‘westernapproaches’ to dealing with mental distress, but thoseusing the service seemed to do so in a pragmatic and integrativeway. We conclude that culturally sensitive psychosocial supportcan usefully ‘fill a gap’, especially for new refugeeswho lack both family support and access to, or understandingof, traditional religious coping mechanisms.     

遏止刑讯逼供的刑事实体法责任

从根本上遏止刑讯逼供,有赖于决策层、立法、司法界及理论界直至广大国民树立反刑讯逼供、反酷刑的人权保障理念和保护人身权利的价值永远高于查明案件事实的价值观。决不能将刑讯逼供的目的、动机的“善良”作为为刑讯逼供辩护的理由,也不能使其成为刑讯逼供与相关犯罪法定刑存在不适当差距的“合理”依据。我国刑讯逼供罪的法定刑应当重新设计。