票据背书法律规制之我见

流通是票据的生命,背书是票据流通的主要方式。我国票据法律法规对票据背书进行了较为具体和详细的规定,但也存在一定的问题。其未规定空白背书及背书涂销;关于背书的后手对直接前手背书真实性负责的规定含义不清;对期后背书效力的规定自相矛盾;对委托取款背书及质押背书的被背书人的再背书限制不明确;司法解释对质押背书时“质押”字样记载的效力的规定易生歧义等,均在一定程度上损害或阻碍了票据的流通,建议《票据法》予以修正。     

群体性事件的发生机理及防控路径——基于政府信任的视角

群体性事件作为社会转型期必然的副产品,成为各级政府不得不面临的一个难题。基于政府信任的视角,应当从完善公务员管理制度、建设服务型政府、强化政府法治观念、扩大不同群体的利益诉求渠道等方面来防控群体性事件。     

Regulating security on the Internet: control versus trust

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the role of government in relation to cybersecurity. Traditionally, cybersecurity was primarily seen as a technical issue. In recent years, governments have realised that they, too, have a stake in securing the Internet. In their attempts to grapple with cybersecurity, governments often turn to technical solutions to ‘code away’ illegal or undesired behaviours. ‘Techno-regulation’ has become popular because it may seem to be an effective and cheap way of increasing control over end users’ behaviours and increasing cybersecurity. In this article, we will explain why using techno-regulation has significant downsides and, therefore, why it may be unwise to use it as a dominant regulatory strategy for securing the Internet. We argue that other regulatory strategies ought to be considered as well, most importantly: trust. The second part of this article explains that trust can be used as an implicit strategy to increase cybersecurity or as an explicit mechanism for the same goal.     

从“神话”到“鸡汤”——论转型期中国法律信任的建构

在法律信仰之争中,法律信仰怀疑论和否定论者主张法律信仰无论从历史还是现实都不适于中国,主张法律信仰的学者更多地是过分误读了伯尔曼法律必须被信仰,否则将形同虚设这句话,并据此做出了不合时宜的判断,因此其所主张的法律信仰更多地是一种神话。相对于作为神话的法律信仰,法律信任是一种鸡汤,虽然它不能治病但富有营养,有助于社会肌体的康复和法律的有效实施。法律信任鸡汤的熬制,是一个系统工程,需要从法律内和法律外进行综合治理。其中,经过由更普遍的有效参与和更加公平的法律程序、实现经济的包容性增长以培养人们的乐观主义态度进而产生对法律的信任、从约束权力和反腐切入来打破法律信任不足-法律具文化这一恶性循环,是三种相对可行的路径。     

信任与政治合法性

信任是主体与主体、主体与客体间的互信关系、依赖关系、合作关系以及承诺与践行关系.以信任为基础的政治合法性能够产生社会和谐,政治合法性只有以信任为前提,才能增强人们之间的信任关系,形成信任与政治合法性的互动双赢格局.本文以信任为切入点,以信任的视域检视政治合法性,以期从中梳理信任与政治合法性的内在关联,从而前瞻其对中国未来政治发展的影响和意义.     

国际刑事法院被害人赔偿制度简论

国际刑事法院被害人赔偿制度是国际刑事司法制度历史上第一次允许被害人对犯罪的个人提出赔偿要求。被害人赔偿制度在赔偿范围、赔偿程序以及赔偿执行方面均有系统而具体的规定。为这一制度服务的被害人信托基金发挥了很大作用并且在实践中取得了诸多成果。被害人赔偿制度在实现国际社会的正义与维护和平方面具有不可替代的作用。但该项制度在规则设计以及制度运行方面还存在诸多不足     

The Mediating Effect of Trust in Supervisors in the Relationship between Constructive Performance Feedback and Perceived Fairness of Performance Appraisal

Abstract

This research addressed two main research questions: (1) Is constructive performance feedback positively related to perceived fairness of performance appraisal? (2) Does trust in supervisors mediate the relationship between constructive performance feedback and the perception of a performance appraisal as being fair? Using the 2018 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey dataset, we employed the structural equation model to analyze the relationship. Findings revealed that constructive performance feedback and trust in supervisors were positively and significantly associated with perceived fairness of performance appraisal. Further, trust in supervisors partially mediated the relationship between constructive performance feedback and perceived fairness of performance appraisal.     

How political malpractice affects trust in EU institutions

Abstract

Political misconduct is known to harm the politicians involved. Yet, we know less about how such events affect trust in political institutions. We study a real-world political malpractice affair in the European Commission, using a three-wave panel design to investigate how information about the affair influences trust in EU institutions. This enables us, first, to isolate the impact of new information on political trust, remedying endogeneity issues common in political trust research. Second, we assess which institutions are affected most (specificity) and whether effects depend upon citizens’ sophistication levels (conditionality). Finally, we assess the durability of effects over time. Our findings demonstrate that citizens obtain knowledge about EU affairs through the media, and use this knowledge in their trust evaluations. In doing so, citizens differentiate between EU and national institutions, with trust in the European Commission affected most. This suggests a sophisticated process and highlights the evaluative nature of political trust.     

国家审计权威信任与公正感研究

促进被审计单位合作是国家审计需要解决的重要问题,权威信任与公正感是影响合作行为的重要变量。本文首先界定了国家审计权威信任与公正感,接着分析了国家审计权威信任与公正感对合作行为的影响,然后阐述了如何构建国家审计权威信任与公正感,最后提出我国审计机关权威信任和公正感存在的问题和建议。本文的研究为权威信任、公正感和被审计单位合作行为之间的关系提供了一个清晰的脉络。