Frontier Justice: Legal Aid and UNHCR Refugee Status Determination in Egypt

Where UNHCR conducts refugee status determination (RSD), itsreactions to legal aid for asylum-seekers have been mixed. Statisticalevidence collected from Egypt in 2002 indicates a correlationbetween receiving some form of legal aid service and an asylum-seeker'sincreased chances of gaining refugee protection from UNHCR.Unconventional forms of legal aid, including limited servicesby supervised non-lawyers (including volunteers from the refugeecommunity) showed a positive impact on first instance cases,while traditional legal aid models showed an impact at the appealstage. Legal aid should form an essential part of UNHCR's RSDprocedures, and NGOs should work to expand both traditionaland innovative forms of legal aid for asylum-seekers.     

Test of an alternative method for determining sex from the os coxae: applications for modern Americans

A recently proposed method for determining sex from the os coxae reports a 98% success rate using European collections. The purposes of the present study are to (1) evaluate the success rate of this proposed method using modern American os coxae from different population subgroups; (2) compare the success rate of the new method with that obtained using traditional techniques; and (3) determine replicability of the new method and interobserver error. Eight hundred and seventy-six adult left os coxae were independently evaluated by both authors. Summary statistics for sex classifications were calculated for the total sample and for a random sample of 400 individuals. The impact of sex and ancestry on the success of each method was calculated on the random sample using Pearson's chi2 values. Results demonstrate that for modern American os coxae, neither sex nor race have a significant impact on the success rate for either the new or traditional methods (p < 0.01). Additionally, the success rate of the new method is comparable with that obtained using traditional techniques. Finally, interobserver error using the new method for overall sex determination is low.     

Metacarpal sexual determination in a Spanish population

Anthropologists and forensic pathologist determine the sex of skeletons by analyzing quantitative and qualitative characters in the bone remains. Generally, the skull and os coxae are the elements most used, but they are not always preserved. In such cases, the investigator needs to have available other techniques based on different remains. The aim of the present work is to develop and describe discriminating functions for sex determination in a recent Spanish population using metacarpal morphology. A sample of bones corresponding to a contemporary Spanish population deposited at the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) was analyzed. This sample comprised 697 metacarpals, corresponding to 79 adult individuals (37 men and 42 women). These allowed us to obtain 120 unifactorial discriminant functions. We selected the 10 equations, one for each metacarpal from both hands, that provided the best sexual discrimination. The correct sex classification rank progressed from 81%, for right (R) metacarpals IV and V, to 91%, for left (L) metacarpal II. The results suggest that metacarpals are structures that can be used for sex determination in paleoanthropological and forensic identifications.     

对“客观真实观”的几点批判

"客观真实说"尽管确实有一定的合理性,但它仅仅将刑事审判看做一种认识活动,抹杀了诉讼中的认识活动与哲学家、历史学家、自然科学家视野下的认识活动之间的界限,并且将这种以"重构已然事件"为目标的认识活动绝对化,不仅不符合认识的发展规律,也排除了人的主观性以及其他诉讼价值存在的可能性.因而,"客观真实说"的缺陷是极其明显的.相比而言,"法律真实说"能够较为恰当地表述刑事审判所认定事实的准确性程度,符合刑事审判的性质,能合理地解决实体公正价值与程序公正价值之间的冲突.尤其是,"法律真实说"具有可操作性,符合认识发展的规律.     

邓小平的处理历史问题“宜粗不宜细”与实事求是

"文革"结束后不久,面对如山积案和迫在眉睫的现代化建设,邓小平提出处理重大历史问题"宜粗不宜细",同时,他又反复强调坚持实事求是."宜粗不宜细"原则在概括总结和抓大放小层面上是实事求是的内在要求;在适当规避层面上,邓小平把人民利益置于首位,实现了规避与实事求是的统一.     

论邓小平理论的精髓

解放思想,实事求是是邓小平理论的精髓。它是邓小平理论的逻辑起点和基石;它贯穿于邓小平理论形成和发展的全过程;它闪现在邓小平每一个新的理论观点中;它始终是我们党永葆蓬勃生机的法宝。     

复方守宫散中铅、镉、铜含量分析

目的：测定抗肿瘤药物复方守宫散中微量金属元素铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）的含量.方法：采用湿法消化,火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定.结果：复方守宫散中含金属元素Pb、Cd、Cu,含量高低依次为：Pb〉Cu〉Cd.结论：复方守宫散每日服用量中Pb、Cd、Cu含量均远低于人体正常摄入量,属安全用药范围.     

毛泽东实事求是思想的本质特征

实事求是是毛泽东思想的精髓。毛泽东实事求是思想的本质特征是:强调实践比认识更重要,坚持一切从实际出发,坚决反对本本主义。这些本质特征是相互贯通、互为条件的。     

“三个代表”重要思想与中国特色社会主义的根本走向

"三个代表"重要思想是对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的继承和发展.在新的历史时期,中国共产党人在坚持和平与发展是时代的主题这一判断的前提下,准确地把握了经济全球化这一当今时代发展的主流,重申了人民群众是历史的创造者这一历史唯物主义基本原理,全面而准确地提出了建设社会主义物质文明、政治文明和精神文明的目标,为中国特色社会主义的发展指明了前进方向和前进坐标.     

论我国诱惑侦查制度的法治化

作为主动型侦查手段的一种特殊形式,诱惑侦查在打击犯罪,维护社会秩序方面具有较高的效能,然而我国侦查机关在运用这一手段时却存在着诸多混乱的情况。这种局面与我国试图实现“依法治国,建设社会主义法治国家”的宏伟目标是相悖的。在侦查程序日益强调人权保障的今天,对我国诱惑侦查制度进行法律规制无疑是一项重要的课题。