暴力犯比例增大及相应的监管改造对策

暴力犯比例的增大给监狱机关的监管改造工作埋下了不可忽视的隐患,其对监管安全构成的威胁自不待言。鉴于此,必须认真研究和分析暴力犯的基本情况,掌握其成分变化及特点,并有针对性地提出相应的监管改造对策。     

NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSING INVESTMENTS AND VIOLENT CRIME IN SEATTLE, 1981–2007*

Despite significant advances in the study of neighborhoods and crime, criminologists have paid surprisingly less attention to the extralocal forces that shape violence. To address this issue, we draw on an emerging body of work that stresses the role of home mortgage lending—a resource secured via interaction with external actors—in reducing neighborhood violence and extend it by addressing concerns that the lending–violence relationship is spurious and confounded by simultaneity. We explore the longitudinal relationship between residential mortgage lending and violence in Seattle with a pooled time series of 118 census tracts over 27 years, and we instrument our endogenous predictors (home mortgage lending and violent crime) with changes in their levels from prior periods. Employing Arellano–Bond difference models, we assess both the effect of mortgage lending on violent crime as well as the effect of violent crime levels on mortgage activity. We find that infusions of home mortgage lending yield reductions in subsequent violent crime; yet the impact of violent crime on subsequent lending is not significant. Results underscore the importance of incorporating external forces such as home mortgage lending into explanations of neighborhood violence.     

试析网络暴力游戏之恶名及由来

网络暴力游戏是一个未经科学定义的、内涵模糊的词语,但却被人们普遍的使用。当网络游戏与暴力这两个语素组合到一起的时候,网络暴力游戏就被赋予了浓重的消极色彩。它成为了人们强烈抨击和谴责的对象,甚至成为未成年人暴力行为直接的、重要的诱发原因。社会形成了一场声势浩大并持久的对网络暴力游戏的讨伐运动。这场运动是以家长、老师对孩子的失望情绪和追责需要为前提和基础的;我国主流媒体则将这些情绪和需求聚焦并放大,使之成为强势主流话语,而最终形成了这场对网络暴力游戏的批判运动。     

Being resilient to radicalisation in PVE policy: a critical examination

ABSTRACT

The problematic nature of certain policies and approaches to preventing and countering violent extremism has been robustly demonstrated; it is clear that rethinking the prevention of violent extremism requires concerted attention. One response to critiques of security-driven approaches has been the adoption of the language of resilience building. However, the turn to resilience has not been matched by a fundamental rethinking of approach, and may often mask troubling approaches in the language of objectivity and positivity. In rethinking the question of prevention, examining the concept of resilience is important not only to address a current trend in policy discourse, but also to benefit from the rich literature on resilience from which valuable lessons may be drawn. A critically informed concept of resilience has the potential to provide a framework of response that recognises individuals and communities as political actors who, rather than being shielded from ideologies, require the resources and channels to challenge violence, discrimination, and injustice, be it state or non-state driven. This article, through examining the current use of “resilience” in PVE policies, makes a modest attempt to draw on lessons from applying resilience in other contexts to articulate possible features of a critically informed approach to preventing violent extremism.     

市场极端主义的经济法矫正研究——基于经济法与民商法功能互补的视角

市场极端主义经历了四个阶段的发展。在这些发展阶段中,传统民商法为市场经济的发展与自由市场的形成提供了弥足珍贵的制度支撑,但是无法完全克服市场极端主义带来的种种弊端,这为经济法矫正市场极端主义提供了契机。基于经济法与民商法功能互补的视角而不是二元对立的分析范式,市场极端主义的经济法矫正主要在四个层面发挥作用：一是在制度层面对自由放任的市场经济进行功能性矫正;二是经济法所具有的回应性特质利于其对市场极端主义的克服;三是经济法调整方式的政策性为其克服市场极端主义提供了及时性的便利;四是经济法对平等、真实、公平的分享与发展权利的追求为市场极端主义的经济法矫正机制之建立提供了入口。     

Russian revisionism: Holocaust denial and the new nationalist historiography

Holocaust denial has appeared in Russia only recently and has attracted almost no attention in the academic sphere, and relatively little from monitoring organizations. The research for this article - examining the place of Holocaust denial in contemporary Russia - was conducted over three months in Russia and on the Internet. The results indicate that the phenomenon remains of marginal significance and that the majority of material is of western origin. While there are several factors that make the development of Holocaust denial probable - the comparatively high level of antisemitism in Russia, post-Soviet suspicion of historiography and lack of education about the Holocaust - the Soviet war experience and associated anti-Nazi feeling arguably act as restraints on those who would propagate it. Rock concludes that Holocaust-denial material is of less importance than other antisemitic revisions of Russian history that have entered the mainstream of contemporary Russian society.     

Legislation Targeting Sex Offenders: Are Recent Policies Effective in Reducing Rape?

In recent years, several pieces of state and federal legislation have imposed new restrictions on convicted sex offenders, including registration with law enforcement agencies, community notification provisions, and sexually violent predator designations permitting civil commitment following a prison sentence. This paper uses panel data for the American states for the years 1970–2002 to assess the impact of these policies on the rate at which rapes occur. Our research finds no evidence that our current policies reduce the incidence of rape.     

Alcohol dependence and criminal behavior: preliminary results of an association study of environmental and genetic factors in an italian male population

The aim of this study is to propose an innovative approach evaluating the connection between alcohol use disorders and criminal behavior. The research, structured as a case–control study, was based on the analysis of environmental (social variables) and genetic factors (single nucleotide polymorphisms of glutamic acid decarboxylase) in a population (N = 173) of Italian alcohol‐dependent men. Group 1 (N = 47, convicted subjects) was compared with Group 2 (N = 126, no previous criminal conduct). Grade repetition, work problems, and drug problems were statistically associated with criminal behavior. Having daily family meals together and having children were inversely related to convictions. The genotype distribution of the two groups was similar. The association between environmental factors and antisocial behavior confirms previous findings in the literature. The lack of genetic association does not exclude the role of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in determining antisocial behavior; further studies with larger samples are needed, together with investigation of other components of the GABA pathway.     

“东突”民族分裂主义与暴力恐怖主义滋生与蔓延的成因分析

东突民族分裂主义与暴力恐怖主义滋生与蔓延的成因极其复杂。双泛思潮在新疆的传播和蔓延为滋生东突民族分裂主义提供了思想理论基础和精神支柱;宗教极端主义思想的不断传入,与东突民族分裂势力合流,使其转变为以民族分裂为目的的暴力恐怖势力;宗教管理的失控致使非法宗教活动猖獗,成为东突民族分裂与暴力恐怖分子不断滋生的土壤和温床;国际恐怖势力的积极扶持,使东突民族分裂势力迅速完成了由单纯的民族分裂势力向以民族分裂为目的的暴力恐怖势力的嬗变,并有恃无恐地从事分裂与恐怖活动;南疆部分地区相对贫困与能源资源十分丰富之间形成的巨大反差被东突分子所利用成为新时期滋生民族分裂恐怖分子的潜在诱因;现实政策的失误与东突分子的频出及分裂与暴力恐怖活动高发之间有着无形的联系。     

“武疯子”事件武力控制及专项教学研究

“武疯子”是一个特殊社会群体,“武疯子”暴力行为对社会危害性大,开展“武疯子”事件武力控制专项教学意义重大。对“武疯子”闹事特征、“武疯子”闹事武力控制特征、警察处置“武疯子”闹事能力进行分析,在此基础上制定公安院校武力控制专项教学的科学训练板块、科学训练流程和明确教官分工和组织实施任务尤为重要。