Scale, technique and composition effects in the Mexican agricultural sector: the influence of NAFTA and the institutional environment

More than a decade after NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) entered into force, the environmental effects of agricultural trade liberalization in Mexico are still controversial, emerging, and not fully understood. This paper contributes to the literature that aims to explore trends in input use in the agricultural sector in Mexico during the post-NAFTA period among both commercial/industrial and traditional/rainfed farmers, and examines the influence of the national and multilateral institutional framework on these outcomes. We decompose the post-NAFTA agricultural production data into scale, technique and composition effects to estimate the impact that trade liberalization has had on the use of fertilizer and land use, two key agricultural inputs for which reliable aggregate data is available. We conclude that among commercial farmers patterns of crop type specialization and significant technological improvements have led to some declines in fertilizer use but they have been offset by growth in fertilizer use associated with growing agricultural output. Among traditional farmers increased output and specialization in land-intensive grain crops are contributing to an increase in land under cultivation and technological improvements show the potential, but not yet not the strength, to counteract these effects. We analyse the environmental institutional framework and rural development plans, observing that institutional weaknesses have, in several instances, reduced the environmental benefit of technique and composition effects. We conclude with recommendations about how the Mexican agricultural sector might reap the environmental benefits of international agricultural trade.     

北京地区人群(汉族)人血清备解素因子B分布频率的调查及其在血痕中的检出

作者采用琼脂糖凝胶高压电泳、PAGIEF及免疫固定技术测定了北京地区234份健康人(汉族)血清Bf的分布。其表型频率为SS171人,FS49人,FF8人,SS07 4人,FS07 1人及SS045 1人;基因频率为Bf~S=0.8462,Bf~F=0.1410,Bf~(S07)=0.0107,Bf~(S045)=0.0021。Bf表型分布与Hardy-Weinberg定律相吻合。经测定室温保存的已知Bf型的22份血痕,其可检出时限为3周。并将Bf型测定用于检案的血痕分析及亲权鉴定。     

论合同法对B to C点击合同的规制

BtoC点击合同是企业与消费者之间的电子商务合同。应当从点击合同订立和修改、合同解释、“合理线”、格式条款效力等六个方面对其全面系统地规制,既维护企业与消费者的利益平衡,保障消费者的合法权益,又体现合同法律的公平正义。     

Disciplining Society through the City: The Genesis of City Planning in Brazil and Argentina (1894–1945)

This paper looks at the genesis of a discourse on urbanismo (city planning) in Brazil and Argentina between 1894 and 1945 using the ideas of Michel Foucault on discipline and his concept of bio–power. The demographic pattern of the major cities in both countries from 1890 onwards and the renewals of the centres of these cities are also discussed. Other sections are dedicated to the plans proposed for the same cities in the 1920s and to urban representations, such as ideas about social reform, the role of hygiene as a point of departure for planning, and the relationship of ideas on Taylorism (scientific management) and the city. The paper also discusses the planners opposition to elections, when they claimed that they were the only ones qualified to deal with urban problems and therefore they should be employed in the state apparatus.
Other concerns of the paper are the use of planning as an element of nation building and ideas defining eugenics (race 'betterment') as an important aspect of city planning. I conclude by arguing that, if implemented, city planning was a way of creating an industrial culture, disciplining society through the city, although the industrial proletariat has never made up the majority of the population in Brazil or Argentina. Even if many aspects of the plans proposed for both countries were not implemented, the discourse of planners can be seen as a will to discipline society through the city. This discipline would affect the freedom of movement of human bodies, and is therefore approached through Foucault's concepts of bio–power and discipline     

近五年来我国关于党务公开的研究综述

党的十六届四中全会首次明确提出逐步推进党务公开,这是党的执政理念的新突破和提高党的执政能力的新举措。理论界围绕党务公开的内涵、党务公开的依据、党务公开的过程、党务公开存在的问题以及推进党务公开的路径等进行了研究,提出了各种看法。进一步加深对党务公开的理论研究,为贯彻落实科学发展观,全面推进社会主义民主政治建设提供理论指导,是理论工作者的重要任务。     

依据Marshall和Hoare的数学模型推断死亡时间的新方法

在对Marshall和Hoare的尸体直肠冷却数学模型做进一步研究的基础上,建立了一种适于在环境温度为3°～24℃时推定死亡时间的新方法。用本法检测34具机械性损伤尸体与国内的两种计算方法比较,效果较优,于死后15小时内进行168次计算,误差在±1小时内的为57.1％～77.7％,它能较好地反映个体差异,因而比Marshall等的原方法更能客观地反映直肠冷却规律。     

死后肌肉切创创壁纤维蛋白的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察大鼠肌肉组织切创创壁纤维蛋白网的形成和形态,发现生前和死后8小时内的切创壁,均有纤维蛋白网形成,两者形态无显著差异。死后16小时,切创创壁无纤维蛋白网形成。     

Strengthening Green Global Governance in a Disparate World SocietyWould a World Environment Organisation Benefit the South?

The debate on the advantages and disadvantages of upgrading the United Nations Environment Programme to a 'world environment organisation' (WEO) has gained momentum in both academe and politics. This article contends that a WEO would further the interests especially of developing countries, because it would provide them, first, a high-level forum to unite their individual bargaining power against the major industrialised countries. Second, a WEO would assist Southern efforts to garner international support for environmental programmes in regions and sectors that are increasingly bypassed by economic globalisation. Third, a WEO would create a locus to politically institutionalise the influence of non-governmental lobbyists in a way that increases the balance of opinions and perspectives. The article then addresses special challenges and caveats for developing countries in the upcoming negotiation process, in particular whether an upgraded UNEP would address only 'global' issues, thus absolving the international community from assisting developing countries in mitigating the more pressing local environmental issues in the South; whether the new body would have powerful sanctioning mechanisms, which might disproportionally affect developing countries; and what decision-making procedures the new body would have.     

老子人际思想初探

老子的人际目标和人际技术是老子人际思想的基本内涵。老子构建人际关系的目标侧重于实现个体社会意识的觉醒和精神境界的升华,以静己修身、救人利物为途径,其中,静己修身是核心。老子的人际技术是为其实现人际目标服务的。由于"道"本身就是真、善、美的统一体,在老子眼中,只要是合于"道"的技术就是好技术。老子共有三大人际技术:道法自然、容公道久、曲全枉直。尽管老子的某些理念经常被人曲解、误用,但其超然的人生境界和高明的处事哲学至今仍值得人们琢磨和效法。     

技术合同的经济“成本”打量及其哲学思考

技术合同作为技术成果商品化的法律形式,有着特定的范式、内容和要求。文章对技术合同的经济"成本"打量进行了分析,并从哲学角度对技术合同进行了思考,认为技术合同存在着对立与统一、形式与内容、可能与必然的哲学命题。