黄牛感染人乙型肝炎病毒的研究

人乙型肝炎是危害人体健康的主要传染病。本试验在黄牛猝死症死亡牛的肝脏中,通过反向血凝试验及电镜观察,有6头牛的肝脏检出人乙型肝炎病毒。并对曾与阳性病死牛同槽饲养牛的20份血清检测,乙肝表面抗原阳性4份,e抗原阳性3份,表面抗原抗体阳性7份,抗e抗体阳性17份,抗核心抗体阳性9份。同槽饲养中感染率为85％。     

Prejudice and paranoia: a comparative study of antisemitism and Sinophobia in turn-of-the-century Britain

Renshaw examines in comparative terms two of the most virulent manifestations of racial prejudice in early twentieth-century British society. The language of antisemitism and Sinophobia in the Edwardian period and the years preceding the First World War, the similarities and differences in the ways that these two forms of prejudice were articulated, and the overlap between them are analysed. Five strands of anti-Jewish and anti-Chinese sentiment and action are discussed. The first examines how international manifestations of antisemitism and Sinophobia, suspicions aimed at Jews and Chinese as transnational diasporic communities, and perceptions of these minorities, through Russian pogroms, the Boxer Rebellion in China and the post-Boer War economic situation in South Africa, were framed in narratives of victimhood and aggression. Second, the transnational and colonial circuits of racialized discourse and the relationship between periphery and metropole are considered, as are divergences in the articulation of anti-Jewish and anti-Chinese prejudice. The third strand investigates the use of the language of ‘invasion’, used by both the political right and the left in discussing Jewish and Chinese immigration and economic activity in Britain, with Chinese employment in British industries (in this period particularly as sailors on British ships) framed in the context of a demographic ‘Asiatic’ takeover of European societies. The fourth strand looks at the intersection of racial prejudice and sexual and social angst, the visceral association of immigrant groups with dirt and disease, and the sexual threat that racist and antisemitic literature attributed to Jews and Chinese. Finally, physical manifestations of antisemitism and Sinophobia in the period and the racial violence that occurred in Cardiff and Tredegar in 1911 will be described and placed in context. The article positions Edwardian antisemitism and Sinophobia as a transitory stage in the evolution of British racism: a bridge between the separate domestic and colonial forms of prejudice present in late Victorian discourse, and the new manifestations of racism located in British cities and ports, but aimed at non-white minorities, that emerged in the interwar period.     

人和猪、羊、牛肌组织形态的比较及法医学意义

目的观察不同种属肌组织形态的特征指标,建立种属鉴别的判别方程,尝试建立一种种属鉴别新方法。方法分别提取20名成年死者三个部位(肱三头肌、股二头肌和竖脊肌)的肌组织和达到出栏年龄的猪、羊、牛各20头三个部位(臂三头肌、股二头肌和背最长肌)的肌组织,制成石蜡切片。测量人及猪、羊、牛肌组织的11项观察指标,并应用统计学方法进行分析,建立种属判别方程。结果筛选出4项观察指标建立人与猪、羊、牛之间种属鉴别的判别方程,对人肌组织的判别准确率可达90%,对猪、羊、牛肌组织的判别准确率分别可达80%、100%和80%。结论形态学方法为人与猪、羊、牛之间肌组织的种属鉴别提供了一种新的方法,可为动物种属鉴别提供参考依据。     

Histopathological Profile In Fatal Yellow Phosphorous Poisoning

Yellow phosphorous (YP) is the toxic form of elemental phosphorous and the chief constituent of firecrackers and rodenticides. In India, the rodenticide paste is frequently used for the suicidal purpose. This study is an autopsy‐based observational study which describes the histopathological features of heart, lungs, liver, and kidney of fatal cases of YP poisoning. The most common autopsy features in the viscera were congestion and petechial hemorrhage. The liver histopathology findings were microvesicular steatosis (68%), hepatic necrosis (62%), macrovesicular steatosis (50%), inflammatory cells (46%), sinusoidal congestion (40%), cholestasis (32%), and toxic hepatitis (18%). Hepatic necrosis ranged from being focal to centrizonal in distribution. Congestion was the most common feature observed in the lungs and the kidney. This is the largest autopsy‐based study on YP poisoning till date. The histopathological features of liver were consistent with YP poisoning whereas the findings of heart, lungs, and kidney were nonspecific in nature.     

湖北省江陵县湖滩地区牛日本血吸虫病流行特征的研究

选择湖北省江陵县5个行政村的水牛和黄牛,用血清学诊断法、饱和盐水漂浮虫卵法、顶管毛蚴孵化法检测日本血吸虫感染情况,并采用抽样法对调查村所属的湖滩钉螺分布情况进行了检查。结果,牛日本血吸虫病血清抗体检查阳性率为17.92%,饱和盐水漂浮虫卵法检查阳性率为19.46%,粪便毛蚴孵化法检查阳性率为16.04%,5个村湖滩钉螺的平均密度为0.445只/m2。结果显示,该县日本血吸虫病流行严重。     

黄牛足螨的形态学观察

采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对采自四川黄牛的足螨进行了形态学观察和测量。结果表明:各发育阶段的足螨均呈长椭圆形,幼螨大小为(160.9±26)μm×(124.7±17)μm,3对足;雌性若一螨大小为(210.8±29)μm×(160.1±22)μm;雌性若二螨大小为(235.2±18)μm×(183.1±16)μm,体末具有圆柱形突出物1对;雌性成螨大小为(311.4±27)μm×(213.3±21)μm;雄性若螨大小为(216.1±18)μm×(168.2±14)μm;雄性成螨大小为(245.7±24)μm×(191.0±21)μm。其中雄性足螨末端突出物分2节,突出物上竹片状刚毛(Spatulate setae)的长度为168~200μm,最外侧刚毛的平均长度为50μm左右,根据其形态学特征鉴定为德州足螨。     

我国部分地区肉用牛群衣原体病的血清学调查

1997～1998年从山东、河北、河南、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、青海和四川等8省(区)部分地区采集肉用牛、肉役兼用黄牛及牦牛血清样品642份,用间接血凝试验检测衣原体抗体.结果肉用牛平均阳性检出率为32.6%(13.6%～72.7%);牦牛为18.7%(10.0%～25.6%);肉役兼用黄牛为15.2%(9.5%～16.8%).     

牛源环孢子虫的形态学特征观察

对首次在乳牛粪便中发现的疑似环孢子虫卵囊的形状、大小、抗酸染色和孢子化等形态学特征进行了观察,探讨了该原虫的纯化方法。结果显示,牛源环孢子虫卵囊呈球形,直径6～10μm。直接涂片时可见卵囊内含折光性较强的成团小球体,呈桑椹胚状,淡绿色。碘液染色不着色。经改良抗酸染色后,卵囊着色变化较大,呈淡红色、深红色或不着色。新排出的未孢子化卵囊培养后可观察到孢子化的卵囊,内含2个孢子囊,每个孢子囊内含有2个折光性较强的子孢子。这些特征与人或其他动物的环孢子虫一致。环孢子虫感染阳性的粪便经Sheather's蔗糖漂浮法浓集后,再经蔗糖密度梯度离心,可以得到较为纯净的卵囊。     

日本血吸虫DNA疫苗对黄牛的田间免疫试验

用VRSj2 8、VRSj2 3和VRSj2 8+VRSj2 3对黄牛免疫后 ,在日本血吸虫病流行区云南省洱源县进行日本血吸虫田间自然攻击 5 4d ,免疫牛的减成虫率为 3 3 .0 %～ 44 .0 % (P <0 .0 5 ) ,粪便和肝组织的减卵率较高 ,特异性IgG在首次免疫后显著增高。提示 ,用此类疫苗对牛进行大规模免疫预防 ,可减少人群感染的机会。     

牛肌肉生成抑制素基因真核表达载体的构建及其在COS-7细胞中的表达

将构建的牛pMD 18-T-MSTN克隆载体与真核表达载体pef-dhfr1a酶切,回收牛MSTN目的片段及pef-dhfr1a载体,构建了牛MSTN基因的真核表达质粒pef-dhfr1a-MSTN,然后转染COS-7细胞,将牛MSTN成熟蛋白编码序列在COS-7细胞中进行了表达。提取转染细胞的总RNA,采用RT-PCR和Western-blotting方法,分别从mRNA水平和蛋白质水平上检测到了牛MSTN基因在COS-7细胞中的表达产物,证明已经成功构建出该基因的真核表达载体。