未婚怀孕:意外还是计划之内?——流动青年同居者的怀孕意愿与经历研究

未婚怀孕现象在中国呈上升趋势,而且随着未婚同居的兴起,未婚怀孕越来越多地发生在同居伴侣中。本文通过分析来自35位有未婚怀孕经历(自己或伴侣)和30位正面临未婚怀孕风险的两类流动青年男女同居者的深度访谈材料,探讨了流动青年的同居怀孕意愿,以及导致或阻止他们在同居关系中怀孕的因素。研究发现,同居很大程度上增加了流动青年女性意外怀孕的风险,这种风险的增加往往是由于避孕时的疏忽大意和依赖有效程度较低的避孕方式所致,很少是因为缺乏避孕意识和知识。研究还发现,同居怀孕情况的增多部分取决于计划内怀孕的增多,同居关系特征、家庭期待和生育的年龄规范压力是影响怀孕意愿的关键因素,怀孕成为结婚准备过程中的一步,有时甚至是结婚前必要的一步。总之,在流动青年群体中,一种关于同居、怀孕和婚姻的联合决策模式正在形成,尽管这打破了组建家庭的传统顺序,但由婚姻来组织生育行为的社会规范并未被动摇。     

The role of beliefs and trait aggression in prison bullying among young offenders

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of those involved in bullying, including trait aggression, beliefs, interpretation of potential threat and responses to aggression. Three hundred and thirteen young adult male offenders completed three measures; the Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist, the Aggression Questionnaire, and the Threat Appraisal of Behaviour measure. Pure bullies and bully-victims were predicted to have higher trait aggression scores, and to be more likely to endorse beliefs supportive of aggression than other groups. Bully-victims were predicted to have higher levels of trait hostility and higher levels of fear than pure bullies. The results demonstrated that both bully groups had higher trait aggression scores, with bully-victims having higher scores on the hostility subscale than pure bullies or those not involved. Bully-victims viewed bullying as more of a threat and were more fearful of it than pure bullies and they were also more likely to endorse both aggressive and avoidant coping responses whereas pure bullies were more likely to endorse aggressive responding. Findings highlight differences between the two bully groups and offers an outline of the underpinning causes of bullying for each group.     

浅谈高职高专青年教师的教学素养的培养

目前青年教师已成为各高职高专教学的中坚力量,但由于很多青年教师刚从学校毕业,或从其他行业转为教师,这使很多青年教师的教学经验不足,教学素养和能力未达到教学要求。为了进一步明确青年教师的职责和责任,使其具备良好的素养、职业道德,掌握教育教学法规、教师礼仪,明白学生的心理活动,增加教师自身的自信心、科研能力等教学素养和能力。因此从这几角度探析高职高专青年教师的教学素养的培养与形成。     

高校青年女教师职业发展的挑战及对策分析

处于传统文化和现代思潮夹缝中的高校青年女教师在职业发展中面临来自工作、家庭、健康、社会地位等方面的挑战。因此,需要从制度层面优化青年女教师发展的社会文化环境、增加高校决策结构中女性比例和强化男性决策者的社会性别意识、增加高校女教师工作与家庭的平衡技能、构建后勤配套服务系统等,来为青年女教师的成长提供政策性支持。     

试论“两会”与青年大学生有序政治参与

青年大学生是祖国的未来和希望,扩大青年大学生的政治参与度,教育引导青年大学生通过有序合法的方式和途径关注国家政治,有利于提高大学生政治素养,促进大学生成长成才。针对当前大学生政治参与现状及其存在的问题,讨论＂两会＂与青年大学生有序政治参与之间的联系,并提出合理的意见和建议。     

当前国有企业青年人才队伍建设的重要性分析

多年来,国有企业在人才建设方面不断突破、不断创新,成效显著,但仍远远不能满足企业生产经营和市场形势发展的需要。如何树立科学的人才观,如何转变机制留住人才,是当前国有企业迫切需要解决的新课题。针对当前国有企业青年人才存在的问题,必须正面应对,提出解决措施。     

Psychosocial influences that motivate young offenders to engage in a non-custodial community intervention

Offender programmes do not fully consider how psychosocial factors influence individual engagement within interventions. While factors associated with offending behaviour are well-known, their influence on motivational engagement is not clear. The present study of 109 adolescent offenders in a non-custodial community intervention explored the influence of aggression, antisocial behaviour in the community, problematic and disruptive behaviour in school, and parental bonding and self-esteem on reported motivation to engage with a non-custodial intervention. Regression and correlational analysis revealed relationships between these variables and four subtypes of motivation (i.e. intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, identified regulation and amotivation), although results in respect of self-esteem were mixed. The findings highlight the multidimensional and complex nature of motivation, and support the need to internalise extrinsic motivations through the promotion of self-autonomy and competence within intervention programmes in order to maximise engagement.     

Voter Engagement,Electoral Inequality and First‐Time Compulsory Voting

This paper reviews the problem of declining turnout and proposes as a solution a system whereby each elector would be legally obliged to vote in the first election for which they were eligible. Popular attitudes toward first‐time compulsory voting are measured and probed by means of UK data. The main findings of the paper are that first‐time compulsory voting is a politically and administratively feasible proposal that appears tentatively to command popular support and has the potential to help address a number of the problems associated with declining turnout, and in particular low rates of electoral participation among younger citizens.     

Chinese Tourism Fever

正FROM April 24 to 25 the 2014World TravelTourism Council(WTTC)Global Summit convened in Sanya,China,the second time the event was held in the Asian country since the Beijing Summit in 2010.The WTTC forecasts that China’s tourism industry will grow by seven percent annually for the next 10years,overtaking the United States as the world’s biggest travel and tourism economy by 2023.Fast Growing Market In recent years,the Chinese government has stepped up support for tourism     

对监狱青年民警健康成长问题的思考——强化责任感 用好“八子”诀

监狱青年民警是监狱事业发展的未来和希望,其健康成长问题须引起高度关注和重视。因此,要正视现实,透视危机,抢抓机遇,多措并举;要增强责任感,多打主动仗。具体可采用"做好样子、引好路子、结好对子、腾出位子、巧用阀子、守住底子、收拾摊子、舍得票子"的"八子"诀,进行因时因地因人制宜的教育。