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1.
《Women & Criminal Justice》2013,23(2-3):141-161
Abstract One-hundred-eighty-seven female victims stalked by former intimate partners were interviewed about their victimization experiences. To identify psychological symptoms experienced by the victims, Briere and Runtz's (1989) Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-33) was utilized in the interview. Individual items were combined to form five distinct scales as developed and validated by Briere and Runtz (1989). Findings reveal that the highest mean scores for the sample were on the items included in the Sleep Disturbance scale. In addition, overall TSC-33 scores and the Dissociation, Anxiety, Depression, and Post-Sexual Assault Trauma-hypothesized (PSAT-h) scale scores varied by whether or not victims had experienced violence during their former relationship with the stalker and by whether or not violence occurred during the stalking. The absence or presence of verbal threats of violence during the stalking, however, did not have an independent effect on most emotional symptoms when controlling for violence during stalking. 相似文献
2.
Abstract Very little empirical work exists on cyberstalking. The current study analysed detailed questionnaires completed by 1051 self-defined stalking victims. Almost half (47.5%) reported harassment via the Internet, but only 7.2% of the sample was judged to have been cyberstalked. Ordinal regression analyses of four groups of victims, categorized according to degree of cyber involvement in their victimization, revealed a general picture of similarity between the groups in terms of the stalking process, responses to being stalked, and the effects on victims and third parties. It was concluded that cyberstalking does not fundamentally differ from traditional, proximal stalking, that online harassment does not necessarily hold broad appeal to stalkers, and that those who target ex-intimates remain the most populous stalker type. 相似文献
3.
ABSTRACTPrevious studies have compared perceptions and experiences of intrusive activity and stalking between countries and the present work compares subcultures within a single country. Singaporean women (89 Chinese, 69 Indian and 68 Malay) with similar age profiles completed a modified version of the ‘Stalking: International perceptions and prevalence’ questionnaire (SIPPQ). This contained measures of individual perceptions and experiences of a range of 47 intrusive behaviors, and a measure of stalking. Between the three ethnic groups, few differences were found in terms of how unacceptable the 47 intrusive acts were judged to be. The small number of differences identified related to courtship behaviors. Women across ethnicities reported largely the same experiences of intrusive behaviors, differing on just two of the 47 behaviors. This suggests that overarching national attitudes towards women are better determinants of the types of intrusive behaviors they are likely to experience, as opposed to their subculture. Finally, no differences were found in stalking rates between the three ethnic groups, but the overall stalking rate within the sample was high at 54.9%. This finding may provide impetus to increase awareness of stalking in Singapore, given that it was only recently criminalized in the sovereign city–state. 相似文献
4.
Stalkers engaging in persistent campaigns of harassment have the potential to cause immense harm to their victims and themselves.
Being able to estimate which stalkers are likely to persist longest is important to clinicians dealing with both perpetrators
and victims. This study of 200 stalkers investigated characteristics of the stalkers and their behaviour that were associated
with increased persistence. Logistic regression models were developed to predict low, moderate, and highly persistent stalking.
The results supported previous research indicating that the type of prior relationship between stalker and victim is strongly
associated with persistence, with prior acquaintances the most persistent, and strangers least. Being aged over 30, sending
the victim unsolicited materials, and having an intimacy seeking or resentful motivation was also associated with greater
persistence, as was the presence of psychosis.
相似文献
Troy E. McEwanEmail: |
5.
We examined the association between psychopathy, assessed using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised: Screening Version
(Hart et al., Manual for the psychopathy checklist screening version (PCL:SV), 1995), and stalking in 61 men convicted of
stalking-related offenses. Psychopathic symptoms were rare, but their presence—especially that of affective deficit symptoms—was
associated with victimization of casual acquaintances and with several risk factors from the Guidelines for Stalking Assessment and Management (SAM) (Kropp et al., Guidelines for stalking assessment and management, 2008a), including stalking in violation of supervision
orders, degree of preoccupation with victims, and targeting of victims with limited access to external resources. The findings
suggest that in spite of their rarity, psychopathic traits may be important in the assessment and management of stalking risk.
相似文献
Stephen D. HartEmail: |
6.
Gian M. Galeazzi Aleš Bučar-Ručman Laura DeFazio Anne Groenen 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2009,15(3):243-260
Previous research by the Modena Group on Stalking (MGS) regarding awareness and recognition of stalking by police officers
and general practitioners using case scenarios showed significant differences across three countries. It was also hypothesized
that victims used different pathways when seeking help. To explore the experience of requesting help by victims of stalking
in different European countries a detailed survey was completed by 391 victims of stalking in Belgium (n = 145), Italy (n = 126)
and Slovenia (n = 120). The research confirmed the significant intensity and duration of stalking and psychological distress
for victims. Victims used several pathways to survive stalking. Some victims reported that informal interventions they or
family/friends implemented were effective, but the majority had to have recourse to helping agencies. Significant differences
in help seeking behaviour were found between the three countries. In Belgium victims contacted the police, as well as other
helping agencies, more often and more precociously than in Italy and Slovenia. Restriction orders against the stalker were
considered the most effective intervention. Police were regarded as the least supportive agency, taking victims less seriously,
and not being particularly effective at stopping the stalkers. Police were ranked after family/friends, lawyers and colleagues,
with regards effectiveness, except in Belgium, where Police’s effectiveness was ranked second after lawyers. Stalking often
requires the mobilization of multiple helping agencies by victims and it is important that victims are aware of what help
is available to them and that agencies become more sensitive to their needs. 相似文献
7.
Investigating Sub-groups of Harassers: The Roles of Attachment,Dependency, Jealousy and Aggression 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stefanie Ashton Wigman Nicola Graham-Kevan John Archer 《Journal of family violence》2008,23(7):557-568
The study aimed to classify non-harassers, minor, and severe harassers based on responses to measures of jealousy, dependency,
attachment, perpetration, and victimization of relationship aggression, and harassment victimization, in a convenience sample
of undergraduate students. Respondents (n = 177) replied on the following scales: Unwanted Pursuit Behaviors Inventory (UPBI: Langhinrichsen-Rohling et al., Violence and Victims 15:73–89, 2000), Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS: Straus, Journal of Marriage and the Family 41:75–88, 1979, measuring physical and verbal aggression for respondents and their partners), Sexual Jealousy Scale (SJS:
Nannini and Meyers, The Journal of Sex Research 37:117–122, 2000), Interpersonal Dependency Inventory (IDI: Hirschfeld et al., Journal of Personality Assessment 41:610–618, 1997), and the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ: Bartholomew and Horowitz, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 61:226–244, 1991, measuring adult attachment). Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA), with responses to these measures entered
as predictors, produced significant differences between the groups in the univariate results on measures of: preoccupied attachment,
jealousy, emotional reliance, verbal aggression and harassment victimization, and physical aggression perpetration. The functions
identified by the DFA correctly classified 61% of cases, and identified the important roles of jealousy, dependency, attachment,
and relationship aggression in harassment. Differing responses to the measurement of these can theoretically distinguish between
non-, minor, and severe harassers. 相似文献
8.
Jens Hoffmann 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2009,15(3):293-305
The paper presents a brief overview of the international scientific research regarding stalking, threats and attacks on public
figures. A special focus lies on European research and its tradition. Particular attention is directed towards the concept
of pathological fixations on public figures which covers different forms of harassment and aggressive behaviour. A closer
look at the history of scientific research and relevant case examples in this area reveals that pathological fixation on public
figures is a phenomenon which was described by psychiatrists as early as 150 years ago. As stalking can affect various kinds
of public figures, the research presented here covers stalking of celebrities, politicians, corporate figures and royals who
become the victim of harassment or violent attacks. Finally, the state of the art regarding the management of public figure
stalking and harassment and the prevention of assassinations by fixated persons in Europe is reviewed. 相似文献
9.
Patricia G. Tjaden 《European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research》2009,15(3):261-278
Twenty years ago California passed the first stalking law in the United States. Since then, much has been done in the U.S.
to increase regulation and understanding of this serious crime. All states and the District of Columbia have laws criminalizing
stalking. The U.S. Congress enacted a law making it illegal to stalk across state, federal, and international boundaries.
It also mandated a model stalking code for states be developed that is both constitutional and effective, and established
January National Stalking Awareness Month. The National Center for Victims of Crime established the Stalking Resource Center
to raise awareness and encourage the development and implementation of multi-disciplinary responses to stalking in local communities.
In addition, there has been an explosion of stalking research, including two national surveys on stalking victimization and
a study on the implementation of stalking laws nationwide. Despite these many achievements, significant deficiencies exist
with respect to U.S. stalking policies and research. Many policymakers and practitioners are unclear about what constitutes
stalking. Stalking statutes vary widely from state to state with respect to behaviors outlawed and penalties imposed. Reliable
information about many aspects of stalking is not readily available, and implementation of stalking laws remains limited.
This paper examines these issues in more detail and provides recommendations on how U.S. stalking policies and research may
be improved.
Patricia G. Tjaden received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Colorado in Boulder. After a ten year career in academia she joined the Center for Policy Research in Denver, Colorado, where from 1987 to 2001 she conducted groundbreaking research on violence against women including the first-ever national study of stalking in America. She currently consults and conducts research from her home in Denver, Colorado. 相似文献
Patricia G. TjadenEmail: |
Patricia G. Tjaden received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Colorado in Boulder. After a ten year career in academia she joined the Center for Policy Research in Denver, Colorado, where from 1987 to 2001 she conducted groundbreaking research on violence against women including the first-ever national study of stalking in America. She currently consults and conducts research from her home in Denver, Colorado. 相似文献
10.
《Women & Criminal Justice》2013,23(3-4):33-58
AbstractThis article examines the effect of criminal justice intervention in domestic violence on stalking in that relationship. Almost two hundred female victims of misdemeanor domestic violence in three jurisdictions were interviewed three times after their cases had closed. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a subsample of 21 victims who had experience with stalking. Specific court outcomes in domestic violence cases and whether or not the victim cooperated with the prosecution do not impact whether or not a domestic violence victim experiences subsequent stalking. Women who experienced stalking in addition to domestic violence were more likely to use the system in the future than women who just experienced domestic violence. The qualitative interviews revealed additional findings regarding victims' opinions of the criminal justice response to stalking in the context of domestic violence. 相似文献