军（警）院校学员心理障碍成因及对策

军（警）院校学员，处于严格管理，紧张训练，持续性学习竞争的特殊环境，再加上学员年龄轻（18-24岁），生活阅历浅，心理承受能力弱，使学员的精神压力很大，心理负担很重，容易造成各种心理障碍。随着科学——技术——生产一体化的联动发展，人类文明不断向新的阶段与层次进化。人的心理健康工作也日益伴随这种“发展”和“进化”，而成为十分紧迫的课题。     

Vitality and age of conjunctival petechiae: The expression of P-selectin

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) results in displaying multiple ruptures of capillaries and venules define conjunctival petechiae as a rhexis haemorrhage. In order to distinguish between petechiae which have arisen before death as opposed to post-mortem artefacts and the establishment of the age of the vessel's damage, we carried out an investigation on a collection of samples from medico-legal cases (positive petechiae: n = 65; post-mortem artefacts: n = 12; control: n = 19) to establish whether the expression of the endothelial adhesion molecule P-selectin as demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods is influenced by trauma before death and possibly by time. Except for cases with massive congestion in those cases where the victim had survived for around minutes, CLSM examination revealed a strong endothelial reaction at the site where the vessel had ruptured. It was impossible to detect a strong P-selectin expression signal in both those vessels which had not suffered any mechanical insult and those which had experienced post-mortem rupture. Therefore, the elevated expression of P-selectin can be used as a criterion to distinguish between those lesions which have occurred in life and those which are post-mortem artefacts.     

落实科学发展观同现代化建设内在一致性浅析

中国现代化目标的内在取向具有民本性、全面性、系统协调性特征，同以人为本，全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观在逻辑和内容上是相吻合的，二者具有高度内在一致性。只有认真落实科学发展观，才能顺利实现现代化目标。     

UNCITRAL《电子商务示范法》签名条款的解析

本文分析了联合国国际贸易法委员会（ＵＮＣＩＴＲＡＬ）《电子商务示范法》的签名条款平等和安全的价值取向。规范的内容以及其产生的独特社会背景、作用与影响，包括其不足之处和发展趋向。     

Internal Validation of the AmpFlSTR Yfiler™ Amplification Kit for Use in Forensic Casework

Abstract:  Y-chromosomal short-tandem repeat (Y-STR) amplification has been used in forensic casework at the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) Forensic Science Laboratory since 2003. At that time, two separate amplifications were required to type the SWGDAM recommended loci (DYS19, DYS385a/b, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS438, and DYS439). The Yfiler™ kit coamplifies these loci as well as DYS437, DYS448, DYS456, DYS458, DYS635, and Y GATA H4. The Yfiler™ kit was validated following the internal validations outlined in the SWGDAM revised validation guidelines. Our studies show that 0.125 ng of male DNA will generate a complete 17 locus profile and that as little as 0.06 ng of male DNA yields an average of nine loci. In the male–male mixtures, a complete profile from the minor component was detected up to 1:5 ratio; most of the alleles of the minor component were detected at a 1:10 ratio and more than half the alleles of the minor component were detected at a 1:20 ratio. Complete YSTR profiles were obtained when 500 pg male DNA was mixed with female DNA at ratios up to 1:1000. At ratios of 1:5000 and 1:10,000 (male DNA to female DNA) inhibition of the YSTR amplification was evident. The YSTR results obtained for the adjudicated case samples gave significantly more probative information than the autosomal results. Our studies demonstrate that the Yfiler™ kit is extremely sensitive, does not exhibit cross-reactivity with female DNA, successfully types male DNA in the presence of overwhelming amounts of female DNA and is successful in typing actual forensic samples from adjudicated cases.     

Zwangsstrafe (nach baupolizeilichem Auftrag) trotz Unterlassungsklage

Wer als (mit einem baupolizeilichen Auftrag belasteter) Bestandgeber zun?chst zwar mit Unterlassungsklage gegen den Bestandnehmer vorgeht, macht in der Folge diesen Schritt dadurch wieder unwirksam, wenn er entweder das Verfahren nicht geh?rig fortsetzt oder weder einem unbegründeten Unterbrechungsantrag des Beklagten noch einem diesbezüglichen Gerichtsbeschluss entgegentritt. Solcherart ist er seiner – ?ffentlich-rechtlichen – Verpflichtung zur Unterbindung einer konsenslosen Nutzung nicht nachgekommen. In einem derartigen Fall ist weder der Hinweis auf das Bestehen eines Mietverh?ltnisses noch die Einbringung der Unterlassungsklage selbst (ohne einem unbegründeten Unterbrechungsantrag des Beklagten ernsthaft entgegenzutreten) geeignet, die tats?chliche Undurchführbarkeit der im baupolizeilichen Auftrag aufgetragenen Leistung darzutun (vgl VwGH 27. 6. 1991, 91/06/0035).     

对推断死亡时间的新探讨

对死亡时间的推测，是法医学鉴定的重要内容之一，也是尸体检验后必须要解决的问题。这项研究的目的是建立一个能够巧妙地消除不同体质的尸体冷却速度不均衡一致对尸体死亡时间推断的影响的数学模型，用以比较准确地分析推断死亡时间。     

巧用IPP软件消除拍照时形成的光斑

图像处理软件Image—Pro（R）Plus（简称IPP）是美国Media Cybemetics公司研发的一款功能强大和完善的图像分析软件，广泛应用于生物医疗等行业。在刑事影像技术方面，能借鉴其强大的功能，利用景深扩展功能解决在球体、圆柱体等载体上（比如灯泡）手印拍照的难题。景深扩展功能包含多平面焦点特性、新的对比度检测算法以及获得图像地形图的选项。通过此功能可以把独立的图像或序列组合为一个单一的、清晰的组合图像。     

遗传标记微单倍型在法医学中的研究进展

微单倍型作为一种新型的法医学遗传标记,在国际法医学界已经引起了越来越多的关注。微单倍型是在较短片段内(例如200bp),包含2个或以上个SNP,具有单倍型多态性的序列。相较于STR,微单倍型突变率低,在混合斑鉴定中具有一定优势;与SNP相比较,微单倍型的多态性更高。选择含有祖先信息特征的微单倍型,在种群分析鉴定中具有应用价值。本文就微单倍型的演变,分型方法,命名及群体特征等方面作一综述。     

Case of Fatal Starvation: Can Stable Isotope Analysis Serve to Support Morphological Diagnosis and Approximate the Length of Starvation?

The diagnosis of death as a result of starvation is established on anthropological measurements, visual appearance of the deceased on external and internal examination, microscopic analysis, laboratory testing, and exclusion of other causes of death. Herein, we present our findings on a case of 95‐year‐old man who died of starvation. After the diagnosis of starvation was established by traditional forensic medicine methods, we have conducted retrospective segmental analysis of stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotope ratios in hair sample. This method reveals periods of starvation through decrease in δ¹³C and increase in δ¹⁵N along the strand of hair. Our analysis revealed the decrease of 0.6 ‰ in δ¹³C during the last 10–12 weeks prior to death, similar as reported in other investigations. Also, a decrease of 0.7 ‰ in δ¹⁵N during the last 8–10 weeks prior to death was determined that was different than observed in previous studies.