Vorwirkungen der Enteignung / Abgrenzung von Projektfolgen und Planungsvorteilen

§ 7 Abs 2 EisbEG betrifft nur die Projektvorteile im engsten Sinne des Wortes. Allgemeine Planungsvorteile verbleiben hingegen dem Enteigneten ebenso wie allen seinen Nachbarn und mindern nicht seine Entsch?digung.     

Unterhaltsbemessung im Konkurs

Der OGH hat in jüngerer Zeit durch seinen 1. und seinen 7. Senat mehrfach ausgesprochen, die Unterhaltsbemessungsgrundlage ?ndere sich aufgrund eines im Schuldenregulierungsverfahren festgelegten Zahlungsplans; die danach zurückzuzahlenden Schulden seien grunds?tzlich als au?ergew?hnliche Belastung abzugsf?hig, diene doch der Zahlungsplan gerade dazu, die Arbeitskraft und Leistungsf?higkeit des Unterhaltspflichtigen nach dessen Erfüllung wieder herzustellen. Auch wenn die an dieser Rsp in der Literatur geübte Kritik durchaus beachtenswert ist, bedarf es dennoch im vorliegenden Fall einer grunds?tzlichen Auseinandersetzung mit der kritisierten Rsp des 1. und des 7. Senats nicht: Wie der Revisionsrekurs n?mlich selbst erkennt, sind Schulden, die vor Konkurser?ffnung bei der Unterhaltsbemessung abzugsf?hig gewesen w?ren, auch nach Konkursaufhebung zu berücksichtigen.     

高致病性H7N9流感病毒荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立

2017年初在中国出现的H7N9流感病毒变异株表现出对禽高致病性的特征,根据高致病性H7N9流感病毒(HP-H7N9)的HA基因序列,设计1组HP-H7N9特异性的引物和探针,在对反应体系进行优化的基础上,建立了HP-H7N9的荧光RT-PCR检测方法并进行了特异性、敏感性和重复性试验,制作了标准曲线。结果显示,本方法只对HP-H7N9特异性扩增,而对低致病性H7N9病毒(LP-H7N9)、H7N3流感病毒(H7N3)、H3N2流感病毒(H3N2)、H5N1禽流感病毒(H5N1)、H9亚型禽流感病毒(H9)、新城疫病毒(NDV)、甲型H1N1流感病毒(H1N1)、传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)、鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)等病原未见扩增。该方法最低能够检测到35.45 copies的阳性质粒,具有良好的检测灵敏度。本方法的建立将为HP-H7N9的诊断、监测和防控提供快速、特异、敏感的技术手段。     

Autonomous Local Climate Change Policy: An Analysis of the Effect of Intergovernmental Relations Among Subnational Governments

Local governments have emerged as important players in climate change governance, both at home and on the international stage. Likewise, action by states and provinces has been increasingly highlighted, particularly as national actors have moved slowly to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. But to what extent do local governments act independently from state and provincial governments in the area of climate change mitigation? Using an explicit process tracing approach, the article tests two hypotheses regarding the influence of upper level subnational governments on local policy. In Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, a city that is a climate change leader, provincial government intervention cannot explain the results of climate change mitigation policy making. This suggests that local governments can exercise an important degree of autonomy over climate change policy, but also implies that where municipalities are less independently committed to climate action, active upper level government intervention will likely be needed.     

University–Industry Linkage Framework to Identify Opportunity Areas

Although there are many studies of the collaboration between academia and industry in developed countries explaining the phenomenon and prescribing best practices, the findings cannot be extrapolated to developing countries. This article fills the gap by studying these interactions for the case of Mexico. To study these interactions, we performed a state‐of‐the‐art matrix analysis to obtain internal, structural, and environmental factors from literature. Then, an interpretative structural framework was built as a model to identify opportunities in the collaboration process. The results are presented in a map that describes how each element influences the others and highlights opportunities for improvement. The model shows that industry triggers collaboration and presents a highly complex internal organization for the academy. This study helps decision makers in government, the academy, and industry to understand the elements and how the system works to develop strategies that promote more effective collaboration.     

Framing Contests and Policy Conflicts over Gas Pipelines

This paper compares and contrasts high‐conflict policy debates over the siting of three natural gas pipeline projects at different decision stages of the siting process. This paper draws on over 600 newspaper articles spanning 3 years, analyzed through Discourse Network Analysis. Drawing from the Advocacy Coalition Framework and Policy Conflict framework, this paper finds that actor framing of opposing policy beliefs involves more indirect than direct confrontations, with statements in the media waxing and waning over time. Opponents of the pipelines more often explicitly argue against pipelines, while also using a broad range of conceptual arguments, whereas proponents more often couch their arguments around the economic benefits of pipelines and use fewer conceptual frames overall. We also find evidence that opposing coalitions use similar framing across different decision contexts. This paper concludes with a commentary on the status and contributions of this paper to the study of policy conflicts and next steps in advancing similar research agendas.     

Technological Distribution in Uganda: Information and Communications Technology and the State in an Eastern African Nation

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) include old technologies—such as the radio and the television—as well as newer technologies—such as the Internet and wireless telephony. This study considers the process that the government of Uganda has used to adopt and implement ICT policy. This study also considers the techniques which the government of Uganda has used to distribute ICTS in public locations such as government offices, schools, and hospitals. In particular, this study attempts to consider the political motivations for distribution. The Ugandan government's attempt to distribute this technology reflects strengths in the area of distribution of artefacts, particularly to rural areas. Information and communications technologies are an important part of the Ugandan economy. In addition, ICTs strengthen the ability of citizens to communicate with each other across regional and language borders through shared access points. Methodologically, this paper uses the case study method. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with politicians, policy makers, civil society activists, citizens, academics, medical personnel, regional government officials, and business people. This paper argues that politicians use ICTs as a component of a basket of goods and services that they can distribute to witnessing publics. This paper argues that ICT should be viewed as a type of infrastructure, and that as a public good, it can be used as a “club” good or “pork.” Although several authors discuss the potential of ICTs as democratizing, this paper documents that the Ugandan government has employed ICTs in oppressive ways, including for the surveillance of opposition leaders, and for social control.     

德国竞争法的私人执行——历史局限和最新发展

从理论上说,德国比较重视竞争法的私人执行,但由于立法的不确定性和司法的限制性解释,德国竞争法的私人执行在《反限制竞争法》第7次修订前,其实际效果并不理想;私人执行既没有影响力,也没有决定力。第7次修订后,德国竞争法的私人执行制度在多个方面发生了积极的变化,以促进和强化竞争法的私人执行;但尽管如此,修订后的竞争法私人执行规定仍存在某些方面的不足,需要将来进一步发展。     

Geburt eines gesunden Kindes kein Schaden

Die Geburt eines gesunden, wenn auch unerwünschten Kindes bedeutet keinen Schaden im Rechtssinne. Ein Arzt haftet daher nicht für dessen Unterhalt sowie für Schmerzengeld wegen der Entbindung, wenn trotz Vasektomie eine Schwangerschaft eingetreten ist und er vor diesem Risiko nicht gewarnt hat.