小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中caspase-6、-7表达的免疫组织化学研究

目的　观察皮肤切创损伤愈合过程中 ,caspase 6、 7在损伤周边区内的表达及其变化规律。方法　应用免疫组织化学技术观察伤后不同时间小鼠皮肤切创组织中caspase 6、 7的表达 ,以非切创小鼠皮肤组织作对照。 结果　伤后 6h的损伤皮肤组织中可见少量多核粒细胞表达caspase 6、 7,伤后 12～ 2 4h ,大部分浸润的多核粒细胞及部分单核细胞为caspase 6、 7阳性。随伤后时间延长 ,caspase 6、 7阳性细胞以单核细胞及成纤维细胞为主。伤后 0～ 3h ,caspase 6、 7阳性细胞比率较低 ,12h后逐渐增加 ,伤后 3d达高峰 ,其后逐渐下降。 结论　小鼠皮肤损伤愈合过程中 ,caspase 6、 7在损伤周边区内中性粒细胞 ,单核细胞及成纤维细胞中表达 ,其时序性变化规律可望用于皮肤损伤时间的推断。     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒M基因和N基因的表达

将猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的M基因和N基因从重组质粒pMD18-T-M-N中亚克隆至pBV220原核表达载体上,成功构建了重组表达质粒pBVM-N。将pBVM-N转化大肠埃希氏菌DH5α感受态细胞,重组菌经温度敏感诱导表达,其细菌裂解物经SDS-PAGE可检测到分子质量约为19 ku的目的蛋白,与M基因表达产物一致;经蛋白质分析软件Bandscan分析,其表达量可达19.1%;Western-blotting分析表明,该重组蛋白可被兔抗PRRSV血清所识别,与预期的M基因表达产物相一致,而N基因未获表达。     

Vertretung einer oö Gemeinde bei Klage vor den Zivilgerichten

Im Hinblick auf § 6 ZPO ist das Fehlen der Prozessvoraussetzung der gesetzlichen Vertretung in jeder Lage des Verfahrens von Amts wegen wahrzunehmen. Gesetzlich nicht geh?rig vertreten ist eine Gemeinde, wenn nach den für sie geltenden Organisationsvorschriften für die Einleitung eines gerichtlichen Verfahrens ein Gemeinderatsbeschluss vorgesehen ist, dieser aber nicht vorliegt. Scheitert ein Sanierungsversuch im Sinne des § 6 Abs 2 ZPO, ist das dennoch von ihr geführte Verfahren für nichtig zu erkl?ren und die Klage zurückzuweisen.     

柔嫩艾美球虫间接ELISA检测方法的建立

将已构建的原核表达载体pET Mzp5 7在大肠埃希氏菌中诱导表达 ,以融合重组蛋白为包被抗原 ,以HRP标记的鼠抗鸡IgG为二抗 ,建立了检测柔嫩艾美球虫抗体的间接ELISA方法。经筛选 ,该方法的最佳反应条件是 :λMzp5 7重组蛋白最佳包被量为 1.0 μg/孔 ,10 0mL/L胎牛血清封闭 ,二抗的最佳工作浓度为 1∶16 0 ,用正常大肠埃希氏菌裂解上清液稀释待检血清。结果表明 ,建立的间接ELISA方法可用于监测柔嫩艾美球虫抗体 ,且具有快速、简便、成本低等优点     

禽流感病毒H7亚型血凝素基因的原核表达及鉴定

参考已发表的禽流感病毒 (AIV)H7亚型血凝素 (HA)基因序列设计引物 ,经RT PCR扩增了AIV H7亚型的HA1基因片段 ,再将该片段定向插入到原核表达载体 pGEX 4T 2中 ,转化大肠埃希氏菌。重组表达载体经酶切和测序鉴定后 ,用IPTG诱导表达。用Western blotting和ELISA试验鉴定表达产物的抗原性。结果表明 ,融合表达蛋白能与AIVH7N1、H7N2、H7N7和H1N1亚型标准抗血清反应 ,而与H5N1、H9N 2等其他 13个亚型的抗血清无交叉反应。     

Jedem Wohnungseigentümer vertraglich gegenüber dem WE-Organisator zustehende Gewährleistungs- und Schadenersatzansprüche an allgemeinen Teilen der WE-Liegenschaft sind durch Mehrheitsbeschluss gerichtlich durchsetzbar

Nach stRsp ist jeder Wohnungseigentümer aus seinem Kaufvertrag heraus zur Geltendmachung von Gew?hrleistungs- und Schadenersatzansprüchen gegenüber dem WE-Organisator auch an allgemeinen Teilen der WE-Liegenschaft aktivlegitimiert. Die Mehrheit der Wohnungseigentümer kann sowohl die prozessuale Geltendmachung dieser Ansprüche (hier: auf Schadenersatz aus mangelhaft durchgeführten Sanierungsarbeiten) beschlie?en als auch deren Durchsetzung nach § 18 Abs 2 WEG 2002 idF WRN 2006 an die Eigentümergemeinschaft abtreten. Ein vertraglicher Gew?hrleistungsausschluss steht § 38 Abs 1 WEG 2002 (§ 24 Abs 1 WEG 1975) entgegen und ist somit rechtsunwirksam. Diese Bestimmung ist nicht nur auf neu zu errichtende WE-Anlagen anzuwenden.     

When Is Science Used in Science Policy? Examining the Importance of Scientific and Technical Information in National Research Council Reports

A frequent lament among researchers is that public policy makers should pay more attention to scientific and technical information (STI). If there is any single area where one might expect STI to be used in public policy making and agenda setting it is in science and technology policy. Many of the policy makers in science and technology policy are themselves scientists or researchers and presumably would prove especially receptive to STI. However, STI is only one of many types of information used in policy making and policy actors often differ in the extent to which they view STI as credible, particularly compared to other types of potentially policy‐relevant information. Research on credibility (the believability of information, information types, and media) has shown variance and policy makers’ “credibility maps.” Thus, some policy makers have preference for formal information generally and STI specifically, but others privilege raw data, personal experience, authority, history and anecdote, analogical reasoning, or conformance to ideology, to name just a few of the information choices. Here, we build on the current researchers’ previous bibliometrics‐based work and use data from 41 semi‐structured elite interviews with National Research Council (NRC) executives and staff and NRC committee members concerning the use of STI in reports issued by the NRC. Findings show that the use of STI in NRC reports varies according to the nature of the inquiry and the sponsor. Information used in the reports is based on not only the assessed credibility of information but also its perceived direct relevance and the availability of STI as compared to other types of information. In general, the amount of STI in the NRC reports tends to have modest effects on the likelihood that reports will be used in policy making or by the mass media. More important factors include the timing of the report with respect to political agendas, the party requesting the report, and the enacted roles of NRC staff members and committee chairs.     

Renewable Portfolio Standards and Policy Stringency: An Assessment of Implementation and Outcomes

This research examines the impact of increasing the stringency of renewable portfolio standards (RPS) on the consumption of energy produced from renewable sources. Putting prior findings in the context of policy learning, first we focus on technological innovation, factor endowments, and economic energy dependence of American states to track how RPS have proliferated and strengthened. Next, we look at the net effect of this RPS evolution on state fossil fuel energy divestment. To evaluate the interplay between: a) the political desire to lower fossil fuel use, b) technological feasibility to do so, and c) the economic trade‐offs and risks, we focus on the industrial sector dependence on energy security and affordability. Our results indicate that energy security is a priority and even in light of increasing RPS stringency, states with relatively weak but mandatory RPS are leaders in aggregate renewable energy consumption. This fact is due to favoring biofuel and hydro generation rather than solar and wind because of lower deployment costs.     

Politics,Science, and Termination: A Case Study of Water Fluoridation Policy in Calgary in 2011

Policy termination is identified as a rare occurrence and thus difficult to study. However, one policy area, community water fluoridation, has seen an apparent increase in termination in recent years. We examine the specific case of termination in Calgary, Alberta in 2011 with a specific goal to apply Kingdon's Multiple Streams Approach to the policy termination framework. Our findings suggest that of key importance for the termination of water fluoridation was the impending need for an upgrade to the fluoridation infrastructure, the effectiveness of the local anti‐fluoridation activists, the speed of decision making, and a prominent framing of the issue in ethical terms. The opening of a policy window made possible by the 2010 Calgary municipal election, one that introduced a number of new members to council, as well as the presence of a policy entrepreneur who took advantage of the window's opening, were of specific importance to the success of policy termination.