Rückständiger Sanierungsaufwand keine "Last"

Eine Klausel, wonach Wohnungseigentum "frei von bücherlichen und au?erbücherlichen Lasten" zu übergeben sei, kann vertretbarerweise dahin ausgelegt werden, dass davon rückst?ndiger Sanierungsaufwand für die Wohnungsanlage nicht erfasst ist. Der Verwaltervertrag ist nach Lehre und Judikatur ein Bevollm?chtigungsvertrag zwischen der Eigentümergemeinschaft als Machtgeber und dem Verwalter. Der Hausverwalter ist aber nicht bevollm?chtigter Vertreter des einzelnen Mit- und Wohnungseigentümers.     

Bestellung eines Fremdverwalters durch das Gericht nur bei Untunlichkeit der von der WE-Mehrheit beschlossenen Selbstverwaltung

Die Selbstverwaltung der Miteigentümer, die in § 833 ABGB geregelt ist, gilt grunds?tzlich auch für die Eigentümergemeinschaft und ist sogar als Normalfall der Verwaltung konzipiert. Wenn bei Selbstverwaltung einzelne Wohnungseigentümer bestimmte Ausschnitte von Verwaltungsaufgaben wahrnehmen, werden sie dadurch nicht zu "Verwaltern" iSd §§ 19 ff WEG und daher von den entsprechenden Verwalterpflichten des WEG nicht erfasst. Selbstverwaltung liegt vor, solange die Eigentümergemeinschaft nach dem Mehrheitswillen ihrer Teilhaber die Verwaltung selbstverantwortlich führt, auch wenn einzelne Aufgaben von bestimmten Wohnungseigentümern wahrgenommen werden. Der erkennende Senat h?lt an seiner zum WEG 1975 ergangenen Rsp fest, dass die rechtsgestaltende Entscheidung des Au?erstreitrichters darüber, ob auf Antrag eines Mit- und Wohnungseigentümers (anstelle der bisherigen Selbstverwaltung) ein Verwalter zu bestellen ist, von der Dartuung der Untunlichkeit der Aufrechterhaltung der Selbstverwaltung abh?ngt.     

Begründung von WE auf Grund eines Vermächtnisses

Das Verm?chtnis von WE kann gleich jeder anderen Zusage der Einr?umung von WE zumindest in analoger Anwendung des § 43 WEG mit einer gegen den Eigentümer der Liegenschaft zu richtenden Klage des Verm?chtnisnehmers durchgesetzt werden. Passiv legitimiert ist auch der "echte" au?erbücherliche Erwerber, also auch der eingeantwortete Erbe wegen der dabei geltenden Durchbrechung des Eintragungsgrundsatzes.     

The Revised German Raw Materials Strategy in the Light of Global Political and Market Developments

Raw material markets have proven to be challenging in recent years. The so‐called critical raw materials (CRMs), which are required for green technology, have particularly high environmental and supply risks. The revised German raw materials strategy attempts to address challenges of production and supply of CRMs and other mineral‐based raw materials. This contribution analyzes the motivation, measures, goals, and challenges of the German raw materials strategy in the light of global economic and political developments, applying the qualitative method GABEK®. Results show that the revised strategy is more ambitious and reaches farther than the initial strategy of 2010. Challenges that remain include the lack of willingness of the German industry to engage in mine production and the more pro‐active political approaches demonstrated elsewhere. As all major economic powerhouses outside of Europe pursue a hands‐on approach, it remains questionable if the revised German raw materials strategy will fundamentally be able to sustainably secure raw material supply for the German industry.     

科学发展观视野下的《刑法修正案(七)》解读(一)

2009年全国人大常委会通过了《中华人民共和国刑法修正案(七)》,根据社会发展实际情况,修改了绑架罪等4个罪名,新增了利用影响力受贿罪等9个罪名。这次修订遵循了宽严相济的刑事政策,刑法的价值在和谐社会的追求中得到统一。     

Genetics and genomics of core short tandem repeat loci used in human identity testing

Over the past decade, the human identity testing community has settled on a set of core short tandem repeat (STR) loci that are widely used for DNA typing applications. A variety of commercial kits enable robust amplification of these core STR loci. A brief history is presented regarding the selection of core autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR markers. The physical location of each STR locus in the human genome is delineated and allele ranges and variants observed in human populations are summarized as are mutation rates observed from parentage testing. Internet resources for additional information on core STR loci are reviewed. Additional topics are also discussed, including potential linkage of STR loci to genetic disease-causing genes, probabilistic predictions of sample ethnicity, and desirable characteristics for additional STR loci that may be added in the future to the current core loci. These core STR loci, which form the basis for DNA databases worldwide, will continue to play an important role in forensic science for many years to come.     

Allele frequency profile of three STR loci in nine North Indian populations

POPULATION: Bhargavas (n=120), Chaturvedis (n=120), Brahmins (n=120), Muslim Sunni (n=120), Muslim Shiya (n=120), Kayastha (n=120), Mathurs (n=120), Rastogies (n=120), and Vaish (n=120).     

Genetic analysis of 15 STR loci of Chinese Ewenki ethnic population

POPULATION: Almost all the Ewenki are found in HulunBuir Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia province of China. Some Ewenki are nomads; others are farmers or farmer-hunters. A small number of them are hunters. Its national characters and languages belong to the Altai phylum.     

When Is Science Used in Science Policy? Examining the Importance of Scientific and Technical Information in National Research Council Reports

A frequent lament among researchers is that public policy makers should pay more attention to scientific and technical information (STI). If there is any single area where one might expect STI to be used in public policy making and agenda setting it is in science and technology policy. Many of the policy makers in science and technology policy are themselves scientists or researchers and presumably would prove especially receptive to STI. However, STI is only one of many types of information used in policy making and policy actors often differ in the extent to which they view STI as credible, particularly compared to other types of potentially policy‐relevant information. Research on credibility (the believability of information, information types, and media) has shown variance and policy makers’ “credibility maps.” Thus, some policy makers have preference for formal information generally and STI specifically, but others privilege raw data, personal experience, authority, history and anecdote, analogical reasoning, or conformance to ideology, to name just a few of the information choices. Here, we build on the current researchers’ previous bibliometrics‐based work and use data from 41 semi‐structured elite interviews with National Research Council (NRC) executives and staff and NRC committee members concerning the use of STI in reports issued by the NRC. Findings show that the use of STI in NRC reports varies according to the nature of the inquiry and the sponsor. Information used in the reports is based on not only the assessed credibility of information but also its perceived direct relevance and the availability of STI as compared to other types of information. In general, the amount of STI in the NRC reports tends to have modest effects on the likelihood that reports will be used in policy making or by the mass media. More important factors include the timing of the report with respect to political agendas, the party requesting the report, and the enacted roles of NRC staff members and committee chairs.