附件 欧盟研究、技术开发及示范活动第七框架计划

2006年12月18日欧洲议会及理事会1982/2006/EC号决议正式批准了《欧盟研究、技术开发及示范活动第七框架计划》(简称FP7)。FP7的首要目标是促成欧盟成为世界领先的研究中心,使得科研、技术革新和知识积累在经济增长、社会进步和环境保护方面发挥着更加重要的作用。为此FP7按照科研务求卓越的主要原则,强力促进在世界级的最尖端领域的研究工作并加大投资,而且其计划周期比FP6延长了两年。除了在自然科学技术领域外,欧盟在FP7中还增加了社会经济科学和人文科学项目,着力促进人文社会学科与自然科学之间的对话,通过鼓励批判性反思,使科技研究计划尽量满足普通公民的需求,增强民众对科技的信心。FP7计划要实现的欧盟战略目标就是:实现向知识型社会的转型,提升欧洲研究潜力和附加值     

中等强国的变迁与全球治理体系的演进

在全球治理体系的更替演进中,大国始终占据着绝对优势地位,是处于国际矛盾和重大事件中心的主要角色,也是决定全球治理机制创建进度和主导过程控制的核心要素。从21世纪第2个十年开始,中等强国在推动全球治理体系的创设过程中开始发挥着重要作用,并借助二十国集团机制实现从治理参与者向治理推动者的进阶升迁,不仅标志着中等强国与全球治理体系变革已经初步形成良性的互动关系,还意味着全球治理的制度设计和运作模式步入新的时代。因此,世界政治将逐步朝着代表更多数国家和人民的政治方向转变,国际体系也将逐步转化为全方位发展更具整体性的全球形态。     

宽严相济 以人为本——科学发展观视野下的《刑法修正案（七）》解读

2009年全国人大常委会通过了《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（七）》,根据社会发展实际情况,修改了绑架罪等4个罪名,新增了利用影响力受贿罪等9个罪名。这次修订遵循了宽严相济的刑事政策,体现了科学发展观＂以人为本＂的核心思想,对建设和谐社会起到了重要的保障作用。     

小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中α7nAChR表达与损伤时间关系

目的检测皮肤切创愈合过程中α7nAChR的表达及其时间规律性变化。方法建立小鼠皮肤切创模型,应用免疫组织化学技术及Western blot方法检测切创后不同时间段皮肤中α7nAChR的表达。结果免疫组织化学结果显示,对照组α7nAChR表达于表皮、毛囊、皮脂腺、血管内皮及真皮中少数的成纤维细胞;伤后6～12h切创皮肤损伤区及周边区可见少量多核粒细胞和单核细胞表达α7nAChR,1～3d以单核细胞阳性表达为主,5～14d以成纤维细胞为主。α7nAChR阳性细胞率于伤后1d开始升高,伤后7d达最高峰,随后逐渐下降。经Western blot检测显示,对照组及各实验组均有α7nAChR阳性条带,其中伤后7d为α7nAChR表达高峰。结论α7nAChR在小鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中呈现一定的时序性变化。     

Development and validation of the AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® Direct PCR Amplification Kit: a multiplex assay for the direct amplification of single-source samples

Abstract: The AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^® Direct PCR Amplification Kit is a new short tandem repeat multiplex assay optimized to allow the direct amplification of single‐source blood and buccal samples on FTA^® card without the need for sample purification and quantification. This multiplex assay has been validated according to the FBI/National Standards and SWGDAM guidelines. Validation results revealed that slight variations in primer concentration, master mix component concentration, and thermal cycling parameters did not affect the performance of the chemistry. The assay’s sensitivity was demonstrated by amplifying known amounts of white blood cells spotted onto FTA^® cards, and the assay’s specificity was verified by establishing minimal cross‐reactivity with nonhuman DNA. No effect on the age of the sample stored on the FTA^® substrate was observed and full concordance was established in the population study. These findings of the validation study support the use of the Identifiler^® Direct Kit for forensic standards and database samples genotyping.     

Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.     

Informing regional taphonomy research using retrospective forensic anthropology cases in the Western Cape,South Africa

The post-mortem interval (PMI) is important in death investigations as it can assist in reconstructing the context of the case and the identification of the unknown individual. However, in some instances the PMI is challenging to estimate due to the absence of regional taphonomy standards. To conduct accurate and locally relevant forensic taphonomy research, investigators require insight into the regional hotspot recovery areas. Thus, forensic cases examined by the Forensic Anthropology Cape Town (FACT) in the Western Cape (WC) province of South Africa between 2006 and 2018 (n = 172 cases; n = 174 individuals) were retrospectively reviewed. In our study, a considerable number of individuals did not have the PMI estimations (31 %; 54/174) and the ability to estimate a PMI was significantly associated with skeletal completeness, unburnt remains, absence of clothing and the absence of entomological evidence (p < 0.05 for each). Significantly fewer cases had the PMI estimated after FACT was formalised in 2014 (p < 0.0001). One third of cases with PMI estimations were made with large open-ended ranges, making them less informative. Factors significantly associated with these broad PMI ranges were fragmented remains, absence of clothing and absence of entomological evidence (p < 0.05 for each). Most decedents (51 %; 87/174) were discovered in police precincts from high crime areas, yet a considerable number (47 %; 81/174) were also found in low crime and sparsely populated areas regularly used for recreational activities. Common sites of body discovery were vegetated areas (23 %; 40/174), followed by the roadside (15 %; 29/174), aquatic environments (11 %; 20/174) and farms (11 %; 19/174). Decedents were discovered exposed (35 %; 62/174), covered with items such as bedding or shrubs (14 %; 25/174) or buried (10 %; 17/174). Our data highlight gaps in forensic taphonomy studies and clearly informs what regional research is needed. Overall, our study demonstrates how forensic case information can inform regional forensic taphonomy studies to locate common areas and contexts for the discovery of decomposed bodies and encourages similar studies in other areas of the world.