女性主义：七夕诗阐释的现代维度

现代人将七夕诗单一地理解为“情诗”,我们有必要对七夕诗进行多维度的阐释。如果从女性主义的视角将七夕诗加以解读,可以发现,七夕的重要仪礼——“乞巧”,是当时少女们生活希冀中对爱情的价值认同;七夕诗中表达得最丰富的爱情,其实是妇女求得身份平等的情感承诺;而男女不同诗人所作的七夕诗,在视角转换中可以明显看出男人和女人眼中的“女性”有别而情有所同。     

论八七会议

八七会议是一次有充分思想准备和组织准备的紧急会议。八七会议具有四个特殊性：局势极其险恶,代表身份多样,会期非常短暂,即定方针会前先行。八七会议的特殊性造成了它的局限性。八七会议是中国共产党加强自身建设、不断完善自我的一次重要实践。     

从偷税罪到逃税罪的立法演变分析

偷税罪在我国的刑事立法中经历了一个从无到有,由抽象、笼统、单一、欠缺到具体、明确、科学、完善的历史发展过程。《刑法修正案(七)》对刑法典第201条规定的偷税罪从行为方式、构罪标准、法定刑等多方面进行了重大修改,并实行有条件的初犯补税免罪机制。同时,罪名也被修改为逃税罪。     

Sorgfaltspflichten des Kunden bezüglich Ausspähen des PIN-Codes bei Bankomatbehebung

Es bildete eine überspannung der den Karteninhaber treffenden Sorgfaltspflichten, würde man bei den inzwischen allt?glichen und auch von den Kreditinstituten zwecks Rationalisierung (und Ersparung eigener Kosten) gef?rderten und geforderten Bargeldbehebungen bei Bankomaten verlangen, stets ohne konkreten Anlass besondere Aufmerksamkeit auf allf?llige Aussp?hversuche zu richten und etwa Tastenfelder des Bankomaten, die im Allgemeinen recht leicht einsehbar angebracht sind, mit der zweiten Hand oder durch besondere K?rperhaltung (Verrenkung?) vor seitlicher Einsicht zu schützen. Nach den AGB ("Kundenrichtlinien") der bekl Bank führt nur eine schuldhafte, zumindest fahrl?ssige Verletzung der Verwahrungspflicht der Bankomatkarte, die einen Missbrauch durch Dritte nach sich zieht, zur Haftung des Kontoinhabers für den missbr?uchlich behobenen Betrag. Die Verwahrung der Bankomatkarte in der Geldb?rse im durch Rei?verschluss verschlossenen, am Rücken getragenen Rucksack begründet im Allgemeinen, dh ohne Hinzutreten weiterer gefahrentr?chtiger Momente keinen Sorgfaltsversto? des Karteninhabers und berechtigt den Kartenaussteller daher nicht, den Karten-/Kontoinhaber mit dem infolge Verlusts der Bankomatkarte missbr? uchlich erlangten Bargeldbezug zu belasten.     

Opinion 1/15 of the Grand Chamber dated 26 July 2017 about the agreement on Passenger Name Record data between the EU and Canada

On 26 July 2017, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Justice rendered its seminal Opinion 1/15 about the agreement on Passenger Name Record data between the EU and Canada. The Grand Chamber considered that the decision of the Council about the conclusion, on behalf of the Union, of the agreement between the EU and Canada about the transfer and processing of PNR data must be based jointly on Article 16(2) about the protection of personal data and Article 87(2)(a) about police co-operation among member states in criminal matters, but not on Article 82(1)(d) about judicial co-operation in criminal matters in the EU of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. The Grand Chamber also considered that the agreement is incompatible with Article 7 on the right to respect for private life, Article 8 on the right to the protection of personal data, Article 21 on non-discrimination and Article 52(1) on the principle of proportionality of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU since it does not preclude the transfer, use and retention of sensitive data. In addition to the requirement to exclude such data, the Grand Chamber listed seven requirements that the agreement must include, specify, limit or guarantee to be compatible with the Charter.The opinion of the Grand Chamber has far-reaching implications for the agreement on PNR data between the EU and Canada. It has also far-reaching implications for international agreements on PNR data between the EU and other third states. Last, it has far-reaching implications for Directive 681 of 27 April 2016 on PNR data.     

Finding the missing and unknown: Novel educational approaches to warming up cold cases

In recent years, students in police academies and higher education institutions around the world have worked together to analyse cold cases including long-term missing persons cases in collaboration with investigators and prosecutors. In 2020, three European organisations, the Police Expert Network on Missing Persons (PEN-MP), AMBER Alert Europe and Locate International, succeeded in connecting these educational organisations enabling them to work collectively on cases and conduct cold case analyses (CCA) across international borders. The International Cold Case Analysis Project (ICCAP) learning objectives were to 1) collect the necessary information about the victim, 2) reconstruct the crime, and 3) investigate trace control.In a learning objective-based evaluation using Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing, 76 participating students from the German and International ICCAP teams were asked to complete a pre- and post-review questionnaire to self-assess their personal competence development. Participants reported significant increases in competence in all evaluated areas, thus demonstrating that authentic and relevant collaborations can enrich the learning environment, promote the use of professional skills, and provide significant knowledge exchange opportunities between academia and industry.Drawing on case studies of cold case missing persons' investigations and unidentified found remains, this article shares how university academics, students and community volunteers can work together nationally and internationally to find out what has happened to missing people and how we can more effectively identify the previously unidentified. In so doing, we share the expertise required to progress these cold cases and provide recommendations to support other institutions and organisations in adopting this innovative approach.     

Concordance Between the AmpFℓSTR® MiniFiler™ and AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® PCR Amplification Kits in the Kuwaiti Population

Abstract:  The AmpFℓSTR^® MiniFiler™ polymerase chain reaction amplification kit, developed and supplied by Applied Biosystems, complements the AmpFℓSTR^® Identifiler^® polymerase chain reaction amplification kit (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, U.K.) by improving the success rate when profiling DNA that is degraded or contains inhibitors. Before applying the MiniFiler™ kit to casework, the profiles from 200 unrelated Kuwaitis were compared to Identifiler^® profiles. Concordance was observed for 99.875% (1598 of 1600) of the compared STR loci. The two discordant profiles displayed allelic dropout: one at the D13S317 locus due to nonamplification of allele 10 in the MiniFiler™ profile, and one at the D18S51 locus due to nonamplification of allele 18 in the Identifiler^® profile.     

Validation of the AMPFℓSTR® MiniFilerTM PCR Amplification Kit for Use in Forensic Casework*

Abstract: The AmpF?STR^® MiniFiler^TM PCR Amplification Kit is designed to genotype degraded and/or inhibited DNA samples when the AmpF?STR^® Identifiler^TM PCR Amplification Kit is incapable of generating a complete genetic profile. Validation experiments, following the SWGDAM guidelines, were designed to evaluate the performance of MiniFiler. Data obtained demonstrated that MiniFiler, when used in conjunction with Identifiler, provided an increased ability to obtain genetic profiles from challenged samples. The optimum template range was found to be between 0.2 and 0.6 ng, with 0.3 ng yielding the best results. Full concordance was achieved between the MiniFiler kit and Identifiler kit except in a single case of a null allele at locus D21S11. Numerous instances of severe heterozygous peak imbalance (<50%) were observed in single source samples amplified within the optimum range of input DNA suggesting that caution be taken when attempting to deduce component genotypes in a mixture.     

Niederlassungsbewilligungen aus humanitären Gründen: Antragsrecht des betroffenen Einzelnen verfassungsrechtlich erforderlich

§11 Abs3 NAG schafftkeine M?glichkeit der Antragstellung auf Erteilung eines humanit?ren Aufenthaltstitels. Auf Grund der Art 8 iVm 13 MRK und aus rechtsstaatlichen Erw?gungen muss neben einer Erteilung von Amts wegen auch ein Antragsrecht des in seinen subjektiven Rechten Betroffenen auf Erteilung eines humanit?ren Aufenthaltstitels vorgesehen sein.