Abgrenzung von Versuch und Vollendung als bloßes Strafzumessungsproblem

Entgegen der bisherigen Judikatur wird durch einen Mangel an Feststellungen zur Abgrenzung zwischen versuchter und vollendeter Tat nicht der Nichtigkeitsgrund des § 281 Abs 1 Z 10 StPO, sondern jener nach Z 11 zweiter Fall des § 281 Abs 1 StPO hergestellt. Die rechtliche Bedeutung der Abgrenzung zwischen Versuch und Vollendung beschr?nkt sich auf die Frage des Vorliegens des Milderungsgrundes des § 34 Abs 1 Z 13 StGB, womit darauf bezogene Feststellungen Strafzumessungstatsachen betreffen und solcherart dem Regelungsbereich des § 281 Abs 1 Z 11 zweiter Fall StPO zugeh?ren. Der OGH hat im Falle einer Nichtigkeit aus Z 11 die M?glichkeit, nach Aufhebung des Strafausspruchs auch im Tats?chlichen in der Sache selbst zu entscheiden und solcherart eine überflüssige Wiederholung des erstinstanzlichen Verfahrens zu vermeiden.     

论重大事件对目的地旅游业的影响及对策——以济南举办第十一届全运会为例

近年来事件活动给城市旅游业所带来的综合效益已引起学者关注。在分析事件相关概念的基础上把济南第十一届全运会定位在重大事件范畴，并从理论上探讨了重大事件对济南旅游业发展的影响，以及全运会为济南城市旅游业带来的机遇和问题。同时对如何利用全运会的积极效应，促进济南城市旅游业又快又好发展，提出具体建议和措施。     

Recht auf Vorsteuerabzug (schon) bei Vermietungsabsicht (nicht erst ab tatsächlicher Vermietung)

?ndert eine (hier: gemeinnützige) Bauvereinigung ihre Absicht, Eigentumswohnungen (unter unechter Umsatzsteuerbefreiung) zu verkaufen, so steht ihr ab Vermietungsabsicht (zB ab Abschluss von Nutzungsvertr?gen) der Vorsteuerabzug zu und nicht erst ab der tats?chlichen Erzielung eines Umsatzes durch Vermietung.     

The Impact of the Terrorist Attacks of 9/11 on Anti-Islamic Hate Crime

Abstract

Using existing data from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, time series analyses were conducted on hate crime data from 2001 around the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. A statistically significant increase in anti-Islamic hate crime occurred after 9/11, and anti-Islamic hate crime leveled off within 8 weeks of the occurrence. News stories reporting anti-Islamic hate crimes, stories reporting fear of such bias crime, and public calls for calm, tolerance, and/or reaction to anti-Islamic bias crime followed a similar pattern found within the official data. A city-by-city analysis found that UCR reported anti-Islamic hate crime was essentially non-existent in New York City and Washington, DC. It is suggested that public calls for calm and tolerance and in-group/out-group dynamics may have impacted anti-Islamic hate crime frequency, thus accounting for rises and reductions in this form of bias crime over time.     

A Test of Competing Hypotheses about Homicide Following Terrorist Attacks: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis of September 11 and Oklahoma City

There is substantial evidence that catastrophic events, including terrorist attacks, lead to increased levels of post-traumatic stress, especially in communities in close proximity to the incident. Some scholars also argue that these events disrupt social organization. On the other hand, many contend that these incidents produce social cohesion as community members coalesce to help each other in time of need. These ideas have resulted in competing hypotheses in the literature. The first is that violence will increase in the wake of catastrophic events due to heightened levels of individual stress and community disorganization. The second is that violence will decline after these events because of increased social cohesion, especially in the face of an outside threat. In order to test these competing hypotheses, we employed autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) techniques to model the impact of the Oklahoma City bombing and the September 11 attacks on monthly homicide counts at the local, state, and national level. Unlike prior studies that provided evidence of an effect but did not use rigorous time-series techniques, we found no support for either of the competing hypotheses. We conclude that while such catastrophic events may have an effect on individual and collective efficacy well beyond the immediate impact of the incidents, these effects are not strong enough to influence homicide rates. An erratum to this article can be found at     

“9·11”事件与东北亚地区间的大国关系

恐怖主义在世纪交替之际成为国际政治舞台上的一个突出现象,“ 9·11”事件引发的美国反恐怖主义战争,从本质上来说带有“宗教战争”的色彩,这就注定了要铲除国际恐怖主义的根源不是一朝一夕所能完成的。“ 9·11”事件引发的东北亚地区间大国关系的调整以及对该地区政局的影响,可以被看作是全球政治舞台上大国关系调整的一个缩影。     

Early epidermal changes in heat- and electrically injured pig skin. II. An electron microscopic study

In order to find methods applicable for disclosing electrical torture, pig skin was exposed to heat and electricity under controlled circumstances. Biopsies for electron microscopy were obtained immediately after exposure. In heat lesions the nuclei were slightly distorted, sometimes with broken nuclear membranes. The tonofilaments were clumped, intracellular oedema was present and cell membranes were ruptured between desmosomes. In electrical lesions the nuclei were usually enlarged with strongly condensed chromatin. Some nuclei were composed of fine, evenly dispersed granular material. The cytoplasm appeared homogeneous, in large magnification finely granular. Cell borders could sometimes be identified located in situ. In the stratum corneum, which appeared normal in heat lesions, single or several cells or large areas had an electron-dense appearance. The difference in ultrastructure of heat and electrical lesions makes it probable that electricity has a specific action on epidermal cells.     

Detection of genotype recycling fraud in U.S. immigrants

Abstract: Relationship testing laboratories provide genetic evidence to support or refute claims of kinship between U.S. citizen petitioners and potential immigrant beneficiaries. One female beneficiary presented a male amelogenin type and alleles at 15 autosomal loci that were identical to an alleged brother’s. Laboratory records showed that her alleged father had petitioned to have 15 children emigrate from Ghana. The petitioner’s 15 paternity indices exceeded 10⁵, but the children shared only four short tandem repeat (STR) profiles, suggesting fraudulent reuse of genotypes in this alleged pedigree (AP). To determine the extent of this “genotype recycling,” I examined the laboratory’s 555 APs from Ghana and 532 control APs from Nigeria. Seventeen Ghanaian APs (3.1%) but no Nigerian APs showed genotype recycling. Of 90 tested people in the 17 APs, 56 shared identical STR profiles with others in their AP. Of these 56 people, 10 were petitioners with unexpectedly high parentage indices. Seven of 56 had amelogenin types that disagreed with their declared genders. Database searches for identical multilocus genotypes in allegedly different people would best detect this fraud.     

Tactical Means,Strategic Ends: Al Qaeda's Use of Denial and Deception

This analysis surveys Al Qaeda's employment of denial and deception (D&D) and shows that it uses D&D on tactical and operational levels in order to achieve strategic results. It defines denial and deception and explains how they relate to Al Qaeda, overviews Al Qaeda's changing network structure and seeks to summarize how Al Qaeda employs D&D throughout its operations. This paper is structured to show that denial and deception are institutionalized factors that manifest themselves through all aspects of bin Laden's organization and that the traditional conception of D&D—that nonstate actors are incapable of employing deception as an element of grand strategy—is incorrect.