How Values Shape Program Perceptions: The “Organic Ethos” and Producers’ Assessments of U.S. Organic Policy Impacts

Among the more recognizable programs related to natural and sustainable food is the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program. Although the robustness of the organic food market is difficult to contest, many debate the extent to which U.S. organic policy outcomes adequately serve consumers and the organic agriculture producers they rely on. This paper engages the debate from the perspective of certified organic producers. Drawing on the results of a nationwide survey of USDA‐certified producers, we first provide a snapshot of how producers assess the environmental, consumer, and market impacts of U.S. organic food policy. We then examine the extent to which organic producers’ policy impact perceptions are associated with their alignment with an “organic ethos”—understood as producers’ commitment to core organic principles and the organic movement. The paper highlights producers’ values as perceptual filters and cognitive mechanisms that help shape producers’ policy impacts perceptions, illustrating a contributing factor to the enduring nature of organic policy debates.     

Multiple Streams in Hawaii: How the Aloha State Adopted a 100% Renewable Portfolio Standard

Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) are an important policy tool for reducing carbon emissions and advancing the global shift toward renewable energy. As the U.S. federal government backs away from commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, subnational governments play an increasingly important role in mitigating climate change. In June 2015, Hawaii became the first state in the United States to adopt a 100% RPS. Through understanding the conditions that gave rise to Hawaii’s RPS, policy actors will be better informed as they navigate policy processes in other states and jurisdictions. This study uses Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework (MSF) to explore the policy process that led to Hawaii’s 100% RPS. Data were collected during the summer of 2016 via interviews with 25 key policy actors and informants in Hawaii. Expectations based on the MSF are confirmed, and the results suggest factors that might be included or explored in future studies of RPS adoption.     

Conservation in Context: Toward a Systems Framing of Decentralized Governance and Public Participation in Wildlife Management

Governance scholars have long championed the adaptive utility of decentralized management institutions, in part due to their ability to bring diverse stakeholders into decision‐making processes. However, research into the link between decentralization and participation often looks at policy design but bypasses important system feedbacks that shape sustained participation over time. To paint a more robust picture detailing how decentralization and participation are related, this paper uses a complex systems framework to explore interacting structural, operational, and cultural components of decentralized wildlife governance institutions in the United States and Botswana. Through this comparative analysis, I argue that the landscape of public participation in decentralized governance institutions appears to be significantly impacted by three factors: 1) how decentralization processes occurred, 2) where in the process of decision making participation is situated, and 3) perceptions of power distribution between groups with competing interests.     

Simple and simultaneous quantification of cyanide,ethanol, and 1-propanol in blood by headspace GC–MS/NPD with Deans switch dual detector system

Cyanide is a powerful and rapidly acting poison. In Japan, cyanide poisoning is rare, and regular cyanide testing can be costly and time consuming. In contrast, alcohol analysis is routinely performed in most forensic laboratories. In this study, we attempted to develop a method for the simultaneous quantification of cyanide and alcohols in blood using headspace gas chromatography (HS–GC). As nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) is more sensitive to hydrogen cyanide than mass spectrometry (MS), a Deans switch was used to switch the detectors during a single run. The separation provided by three analytical columns, PoraBOND Q, CP-Sil 5 CB, and HP-INNOWax, was investigated, and PoraBOND Q was selected. The use of HS–GC–MS/NPD with a Deans switch enabled the simple and simultaneous quantification of cyanide, ethanol, and 1-propanol. Eighteen other volatile compounds were detected in the SIM/scan mode of the MS.     

残疾人无障碍通行权实施现状及对策研究——基于成都市的调查

权利存在着应有权利、法定权利和实有权利三种状态。权利的实现是一个从应有权利到法定权利再到实有权利的动态过程。在我国现阶段，无障碍通行权已从应有状态上升到法定状态，完成了权利实现的第一步。但无障碍通行权的实有状态与法定状态之间还存在较大的差距，主要体现为无障碍环境的缺乏。为保证残疾人获得平等的生存和发展机会，国家和社会应采取措施，积极地营建无障碍环境，促使这项权利从法定状态上升到实有状态。     

20世纪30年代吉隆坡福建人的籍贯分布——以吉隆坡福建义山收据为中心的考察

经过19世纪后期数十年的发展,吉隆坡由一个小城逐渐变成雪兰莪州的首府,来自中国的福建人的人数也逐渐增长。虽然并未能如广府人和客家人的数量之多,但也最终成为吉隆坡第三大方言社群。通过分析30年代福建义山收据,可以发现闽南方言群占福建籍人的八成以上。其中泉州下辖的安溪、南安、永春三县又分别成为其中占人数前三位的县份社群。20世纪上半叶安溪、南安、永春三县籍的成功"新客"就对吉隆坡福建人的形成和发展带来深远的影响。     

Neuerungen im Obsorgeverfahren

Der Senat h?lt es für notwendig und sachgerecht, der Maxime des Kindeswohls (§ 137 Abs 1 ABGB) im Obsorgeverfahren dadurch zu entsprechen, dass der OGH aktenkundige Entwicklungen, die die bisherige Tatsachengrundlage wesentlich ver?ndern, – ungeachtet des im Revisionsrekursverfahren an sich herrschenden Neuerungsverbots (§ 66 Abs 2 Au?StrG) – auch dann berücksichtigen muss, wenn sie erst nach der Beschlussfassung einer der Vorinstanzen eingetreten sind.     

Sachbezugsverordnung

§ 2 der Sachbezugsverordnungen wird als gesetzwidrig aufgehoben (wobei die Aufhebung der zuletzt genannten Bestimmung mit Ablauf des 31. 12. 2008 in Kraft tritt).     

Eigenbedarfskündigung – Sperrfrist

Ein Vermieter kann den Kündigungsgrund gem § 30 Abs 2 Z 8 MRG nach § 30 Abs 3 letzter Satz MRG bereits dann geltend machen, wenn er zumindest zur H?lfte Miteigentümer der Liegenschaft ist und auf seine Eigentumswohnung die Sperrfrist nach § 30 Abs 3 Satz 2 MRG nicht (mehr) anzuwenden ist. Daran ?ndert auch der Umstand nichts, wenn als kündigende Partei auch der andere H?lfteeigentümer der ma?gebenden Liegenschaft auftritt, dessen Eigentumserwerb auf Grund eines Rechtsgesch?ftes unter Lebenden unter die bezeichnete Sperrfrist fiele.     

大鼠脑挫伤后NTE与COX-2表达随时间的变化

目的观察大鼠脑挫伤后脑组织NTE和COX-2的表达变化，并评价其法医学的意义。方法健康SD大鼠48只，随机分成正常对照组、手术对照组、挫伤组（按挫伤后处死时间再分为lh、12h、1d、3d、7d、14d共6个组）每组6只。以自由落体撞击法制作脑挫裂伤模型；应用免疫组化方法检测COX-2和NTE在脑组织中的表达情况；用SPSS13．0软件分析COX-2和NTE的表达情况与脑挫伤后存活时间的相关性。结果正常对照组和假手术绢NTE和COX-2均呈低水平表达，脯挫伤组伤后NTE和COX-2表达逐渐增强，均于1d达到高峰，至14d时COX-2表达降至正常对照组水平，而NTE仍高于正常对照组水平；挫伤各组与正常对照组比较，除1h组灰度值无统计学差异（P〉0．05）外，其余各组均有明显差异（P〈0．01）。结论脑挫伤后脑组织NTE和COX-2的表达均呈现先增强后下降的趋势，其表达规律有望为脑挫伤诊断及损伤时间推断提供参考。