可卡因对小鼠离体腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响

目的研究可卡因对体外培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞功能的影响。方法无菌分离小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,制备单细胞悬液,分别用不同浓度的可卡因作用于正常的和LPS活化的腹腔巨噬细胞。MTT法检测其增殖反应;ELISA法检测巨噬细胞培养上清中TNF-α的分泌水平;生物活性检测法检测IL-1的活性。结果可卡因在终浓度10、20和100μtg／mL时能明显抑制LPS刺激的腹腔巨噬细胞增殖反应,减少TNF-α、IL．1的释放,与对照组相比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论可卡因对体外培养腹腔巨噬细胞功能有明显抑制作用。     

利用RASSF1A位点检测母体血浆中胎儿SNP分型

目的探讨利用母体血浆中高甲基化RASSF1A位点进行胎儿SNP分型的应用价值。方法随机收集10个未孕健康妇女和45例不同孕期（早期5例、中期20例、晚期20例）孕妇的血样本及相应胎儿组织（绒毛组织、羊水、胎盘组织）;利用甲基化敏感限制性内切酶BstUI酶切后进行PCR,产物进行血细胞、血浆和胎儿组织（绒毛或胎盘）DNA RASSF1A序列的甲基化模式检测,并采用直接测序法对SNP rs4688725位点进行分型。结果经BstUI酶消化,RASSF1A序列在母体血细胞中均未检出,而在绒毛或胎盘组织中均能检出;在45名孕妇血浆中,RASSF1A序列均能被检出,且序列内的SNP分型与相应胎儿组织一致;在10名非孕妇女血浆中均未检出RASSF1A序列。结论母体和胎儿DNA中RASSF1A基因启动子区域的甲基化模式存在差异,可用于对母体血浆中的游离胎儿DNA进行SNP分型。     

Determination of Acetamiprid and IM‐1‐2 in PostMortem Human Blood,Liver, Stomach Contents by HPLC‐DAD

An HPLC‐DAD method was developed to detect and quantify a neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid (ATP) and its metabolite IM‐1‐2 in autopsy samples of a fatal intoxication case. The postmortem blood and tissue distribution of ATP and IM‐1‐2 was determined for the first time. The method showed acceptable precisions and recoveries with relative standard deviations of <10% for ATP level and 1.38 % for IM‐1‐2. The detection and quantification limits for ATP were 0.015 μg/mL and 0.030 μg/mL for blood and were 0.035 μg/g and 0.050 μg/g for liver samples, respectively. The mean contents of ATP were 0.79 μg/g in the liver, 47.35 μg/g in the stomach contents and 2.7 μg/mL in the blood. IM‐1‐2 content was 17.0 μg/g in the stomach contents. ATP and IM‐1‐2 were not detected in the urine. The presence of ATP and IM‐1‐2 in the samples was confirmed by GC‐MS. The method can be exploited in future forensic casework.     

双手第1骨间背侧肌代谢物的氢质子磁共振波谱

目的 探讨氢质子磁共振波谱（1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy,1H-MRS）检测技术在尺神经损伤预后评估的应用前景.方法 对12例健康青年志愿者、1例尺神经完全损伤者双手第1骨间背侧肌的代谢物进行1H-MRS检测,对采集到的数据进行统计分析. 结果 健康女性成年人第1骨间背侧肌的细胞外脂质（extra-myocellular lipids,EMCL）峰下面积高于男性（P＜0.05）,胆碱、肌酸、细胞内脂质（intra-myocellular lipids,IMCL）在两性间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,双手间各峰下面积差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.尺神经损伤者患侧EMCL峰较健侧偏高,且FDI面积缩小.结论 1H-MRS对肌肉代谢物的无创性以及定量检测对周围神经损伤的预后评估具有一定价值.     

Automated evaluation of approximate matching algorithms on real data

Bytewise approximate matching is a relatively new area within digital forensics, but its importance is growing quickly as practitioners are looking for fast methods to screen and analyze the increasing amounts of data in forensic investigations. The essential idea is to complement the use of cryptographic hash functions to detect data objects with bytewise identical representation with the capability to find objects with bytewise similar representations.Unlike cryptographic hash functions, which have been studied and tested for a long time, approximate matching ones are still in their early development stages and evaluation methodology is still evolving. Broadly, prior approaches have used either a human in the loop to manually evaluate the goodness of similarity matches on real world data, or controlled (pseudo-random) data to perform automated evaluation.This work's contribution is to introduce automated approximate matching evaluation on real data by relating approximate matching results to the longest common substring (LCS). Specifically, we introduce a computationally efficient LCS approximation and use it to obtain ground truth on the t5 set. Using the results, we evaluate three existing approximate matching schemes relative to LCS and analyze their performance.     

胡锦涛“七一”讲话民族思想研究

胡锦涛"七一"讲话高度重视民族问题,表达了重要的民族思想,包括:一、坚持和完善民族区域自治制度。二、加强民族团结,维护国家统一。三、为中华民族伟大复兴而努力。中华民族伟大复兴内涵丰富。中华民族伟大复兴意义重大。     

State transformation goes nuclear: Chinese National Nuclear Companies’ expansion into Europe

Abstract

Most of the literature on state transformation focuses on China’s relations with African, Asian and Latin American countries and the National Oil Companies’ overseas expansion to show that China has become fragmented, decentralised and internationalised. This article contributes novel findings by focusing on China’s relations with Europe and the actions of China’s National Nuclear Companies (NNCs). It shows that NNCs, which have become relatively autonomous actors, often pursue their agendas of expansion into Europe without much coordination with, or even in contradiction to, other ministries’ agendas and interests, especially the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Instead of being orchestrated by the central government, their expansion reflects considerable disorganisation and sometimes undermines China’s official strategy. The article demonstrates this through case studies of NNCs’ involvement in the UK and Romania.     

Confidence in an election authority and satisfaction with democracy: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of a failed election in Sweden

Contemporary research on electoral integrity has focused on the functioning, evaluation, and legitimacy of electoral processes in emerging democracies. By contrast, this study investigates whether a failed election in a well-established democracy can affect individuals' evaluations of the electoral management body, the Election Authority, and whether those evaluations affect satisfaction with democracy. Using the case of a Swedish regional election in 2010 that had to be rerun due to procedural mistakes in the vote handling, we found that, in the short term, individuals’ confidence in the Election Authority was reduced after it was announced that the election had to be rerun because of the mistakes. Subsequently, this decreased confidence was strongly associated with less satisfaction with democracy at the regional and national level. As good news for the authority, after a successful rerun election, confidence rebounded to the levels prior to the failed election.     

Fatal intoxication involving 2-methyl AP-237

Novel synthetic opioids contribute considerably to the opioid epidemic, especially with the frequent emergence of structurally similar compounds. This case report describes a fatal intoxication involving 2-methyl AP-237. A 54-year-old Caucasian male was found deceased from an apparent drug overdose. A plastic container labeled “2MAP” and a cut straw were found in the decedent's backpack at the scene. A white substance found in the container tested positive for fentanyl by field testing. According to his medical history, the decedent was treated for a drug overdose 3 years prior to his death. With no diagnostic findings at autopsy, the case was submitted for toxicological analysis. An unknown substance was detected in peripheral blood and urine using gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detection (GC-NPD). Further testing was conducted using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) which confirmed the presence of 2-methyl AP-237 and potential metabolites in blood and urine. Quantitation by GC-NPD revealed concentrations of 2-methyl AP-237 in blood and urine at 480 ng/mL and 4200 ng/mL, respectively. The toxicological analysis also identified and quantitated alprazolam in the blood at 55 ng/mL. Additionally, the metabolism of 2-methyl AP-237 was investigated and three hydroxylated metabolites were identified in peripheral blood and urine. Limited literature is available for the detection and quantitation of 2-methyl AP-237 in postmortem specimens. Given the toxicological findings with unremarkable autopsy findings, this case is an example of a fatal intoxication involving 2-methyl AP-237.     

2,4,6-Tri(2′-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine for determination of iron(II), Iron(III), and total iron contents on human palms

When iron-based tools, such as knives or guns, are held, traces of iron can transfer to the skin. However, no previous studies have been published regarding the effect of the elapsed contact time on the transfer of iron species with different valences to the palm. Compared with 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine (PDT), 2,4,6-tri(2′-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) was found to exhibit a higher sensitivity to iron(II) spectrophotometrically. This work employed 2,4,6-tri(2′-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) and UV spectrophotometry to determine the amounts of iron(II), iron(III), and total iron transferred to human palms from iron tools. It was found that the palmar moisture level was an important factor in determining the amounts of total iron, including iron(II), transferred to the palm. For identical contact times, the amounts of total iron transferred to the palm was proportional to the palmar moisture, and the difference between the maximum and minimum amounts was 12 μg per hand. However, the amounts of iron(II) transferred to the palm gradually decreased over time for low palmar moisture levels, but steadily increased over time for high palmar moisture levels. Additionally, for average levels of palm moisture, the amounts of iron(II) and iron(III) transferred to the palm gradually decreased and increased, respectively, with longer contact times. Notably, this research could serve as a theoretical basis and guide for the detection of trace iron species with different valences on human palms for criminal investigations.