Near‐fatal Intoxication with the “New” Synthetic Opioid U‐47700: The First Reported Case in the Czech Republic

Recreational use of the potent synthetic opioid 3,4‐ dichloro‐N‐(2‐(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl)‐N‐methylbenzamide (U‐47700) is rising, accompanied by increasingly frequent cases of serious intoxication. This article reports a case of near‐fatal U‐47700 intoxication. A man was found unconscious (with drug powder residues). After 40 h in hospital (including 12 h of supported ventilation), he recovered and was discharged. Liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMS) or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to detect and quantify substances in powders, serum and urine. Powders contained U‐47700 and two synthetic cannabinoids. Serum and urine were positive for U‐47700 (351.0 ng/mL), citalopram (<LOQ), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC: 3.3 ng/mL), midazolam (<LOQ) and a novel benzodiazepine, clonazolam (6.8 ng/mL) and their metabolites but negative for synthetic cannabinoids. If potent synthetic opioids become cheaper and more easily obtainable than their classical counterparts (e.g., heroin), they will inevitably replace them and users may be exposed to elevated risks of addiction and overdose.     

The security of access to accounts under the PSD2

The revised Payment Services Directive (‘PSD2’) has been adopted to stimulate the development of an integrated internal market for payment services. In particular, it facilitates payment initiation services and account information services by granting the providers of these services access to the accounts of the payment service users. At the same time, the recitals state that the PSD2 guarantees a high level of consumer protection, security of payment transactions and protection against fraud.This paper answers the following question: To what extent does the access to accounts of the payment initiation service providers and account information service providers balance the development of the market for payment services with the security of the payment account and the privacy of the user? An analysis of the PSD2 shows that the development of the market for payment services has a higher priority. Security and privacy are ultimately subordinate.First, the PSD2 does not adequately protect the personal data of the users. The definition of ‘account information service’ is broad and covers a wide range of services. This allows the payment service providers to circumvent the limitations of the access to accounts.Next, the payment service providers have a ‘fall back option’ that allows ‘screen scraping’ if the dedicated interface is not functioning properly. Although this access is constrained by several safeguards, the fall back option gives the payment services provider unlimited access to the account of the user.Finally, the payment service providers have considerable freedom to arrange their authentication process as they see fit. The banks seem to be required to trust this process. The PSD2 and regulatory technical standards do not demand that a bank is able to verify the authentication or the integrity of the payment order.     

A Computational Framework for Age‐at‐Death Estimation from the Skeleton: Surface and Outline Analysis of 3D Laser Scans of the Adult Pubic Symphysis

In forensic anthropology, age‐at‐death estimation typically requires the macroscopic assessment of the skeletal indicator and its association with a phase or score. High subjectivity and error are the recognized disadvantages of this approach, creating a need for alternative tools that enable the objective and mathematically robust assessment of true chronological age. We describe, here, three fully computational, quantitative shape analysis methods and a combinatory approach that make use of three‐dimensional laser scans of the pubic symphysis. We report a novel age‐related shape measure, focusing on the changes observed in the ventral margin curvature, and refine two former methods, whose measures capture the flatness of the symphyseal surface. We show how we can decrease age‐estimation error and improve prior results by combining these outline and surface measures in two multivariate regression models. The presented models produce objective age‐estimates that are comparable to current practices with root‐mean‐square‐errors between 13.7 and 16.5 years.     

Hierarchical,Three‐Dimensional Measurement System for Crime Scene Scanning

We present a new generation of three‐dimensional (3D) measuring systems, developed for the process of crime scene documentation. This measuring system facilitates the preparation of more insightful, complete, and objective documentation for crime scenes. Our system reflects the actual requirements for hierarchical documentation, and it consists of three independent 3D scanners: a laser scanner for overall measurements, a situational structured light scanner for more minute measurements, and a detailed structured light scanner for the most detailed parts of tscene. Each scanner has its own spatial resolution, of 2.0, 0.3, and 0.05 mm, respectively. The results of interviews we have conducted with technicians indicate that our developed 3D measuring system has significant potential to become a useful tool for forensic technicians. To ensure the maximum compatibility of our measuring system with the standards that regulate the documentation process, we have also performed a metrological validation and designated the maximum permissible length measurement error E_MPE for each structured light scanner. In this study, we present additional results regarding documentation processes conducted during crime scene inspections and a training session.     

"透痹转气法"对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的疗效及滑膜Fas、FasL和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察"透痹转气法"对佐剂性关节炎(RA)大鼠的影响.方法:复制大鼠RA模型,设立模型组、透痹转气法组(TBZQF)、雷公藤(TPT)组、透痹逐邪胶囊(TBZXC)组;测定各组大鼠足跖肿胀抑制率、关节炎症指数;观察病变关节滑膜病理改变,并检测炎症关节滑膜组织中的Fas、FasL、Bcl-2蛋白表达.结果:与模型组比较,TBZQF组、TBZXC组、TPT组大鼠足跖肿胀抑制率、关节炎指数均显著降低(P＜0.05),而TBZQF组疗效比TBZXC、TPT组更显著(P＜0.05),且起效时间快,疗程短;各治疗组均能改善RA大鼠滑膜充血、水肿,减轻大鼠滑膜炎细胞浸润,而TBZQF组更为明显(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,各治疗组Fas、FasL的表达显著增加,Bcl-2的表达显著减少(P＜0.05),TBZQF与MTX组、TPT组比较,上述指标变化不显著(P＞0.05).结论:TBZQF治疗方案在改善佐剂性关节炎模型大鼠的关节炎症状、抑制炎症方面优于TPT和TBZXC的单一中药治疗,其作用机制可能是通过下调bcl-2基因表达调控Fas/FasL系统,促进增殖的滑膜细胞凋亡.     

口蹄疫病毒3C基因与增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因的真核共表达

为验证siRNAs对口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)复制的抑制效果,用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒Jiangsu/China/2005株的3C基因,克隆入增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)表达载体pEGFP-N1中,并进行双酶切、PCR及测序鉴定。将阳性重组质粒转染PK-15细胞,检测EGFP的表达和3C基因转录水平。结果显示,经PCR及双酶切鉴定,目的基因片段大小与预期相符,测序结果与Jiangsu/China/2005株相应序列一致。荧光显微镜和流式细胞仪均检测到细胞内有EGFP表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测到细胞内有3C基因的转录。证实,成功构建了FMDV 3C基因与EGFP共表达质粒并在PK-15细胞中获得了表达。     

猪圆环病毒2型Cap蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

利用重组杆状病毒表达的猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)Cap蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过杂交瘤技术,共获得6株能稳定分泌抗Cap蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为3H9/1H5、3H9/3C7、4A9/3E2、4A9/3D7、6G7/7B6和6G7/8D3,并通过ELISA、Western-blotting和间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)对6株单抗的特性和抗原表位进行分析鉴定。结果显示,6株杂交瘤细胞培养上清的抗体效价为1∶1 024～1∶2 048,腹水效价为1∶163 840～1∶204 800。3H9/1H5、3H9/3C7、6G7/7B6和6G7/8D3的亚型为IgG1型,4A9/3E2和4A9/3D7为IgG2b型,所有单抗的轻链均为κ型。Western-blotting和IFA结果表明6株单抗均能与重组Cap蛋白和PCV2产生特异性反应。相加ELISA结果显示,6株单抗可能识别不同的抗原表位。为准确鉴别不同单抗针对的抗原位点,以截短表达的重组Cap蛋白为抗原,进行Western-blot鉴定。结果显示,4A9/3E2与4A9/3D7的抗原表位位于101～150aa,其余4株单抗可能针对1～50aa或者天然...     

适合猪圆环病毒2型敏感复制的PK15细胞株的克隆与鉴定

为了有效提高猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)在PK15细胞中增殖的效价,采用有限稀释法将PK15细胞进行克隆,通过间接免疫荧光方法筛选对PCV2敏感的克隆细胞.结果表明,通过克隆后获得1株对PCV2高度易感的细胞PK15-B1,该细胞接种PCV2后培养3 d,病毒的TCID50达10-7.0/mL,病毒效价和生产速度明显高于...     

宗教自由基本权利的肥大症——关于宗教和世界观自由与一般权利有效性请求的关系

当人们通览宗教和世界观自由的基本权利在过去十几年里的实际运用和法教义学上的发展时,很难忽略其在规范性轮廓上萎缩这一事实。这一现象由构成要件要素的发展上更多地考虑主观标准所承载,并且经由联邦宪法法院在司法判例中对有关限制问题的决断性的、限制性的判决而被强化。因此,相对于依据宗教或者世界观的动机而提起的个人的发展请求,一般的法治国规范的有效领域持续地受到限制。当相关现象的潜在冲突在德国呈现趋势性增长的时候,这样的判断就显得越发的危险。