A Century of Green Lessons: The Contribution of Nature Conservation Regimes to Global Governance

This paper reviews the lessons learned over the past 100 years in international management and conservation of the Earth's natural heritage and biological resources (fauna and flora), in the face of growing threats of degradation and extinction. The focus is on the effectiveness of intergovernmental and non-governmental institutions – in terms of agenda-setting, regime formation, implementation and compliance, and reactions to non-compliance. Among specific case histories analysed are the ivory trade ban, the whaling moratorium, and attempts at establishing an international forest regime. Innovative governance features highlighted in the field of global living resource management include active NGO participation, the use of selective economic incentives and disincentives (e.g. multilateral or bilateral trade sanctions), and a number of judicial enforcement remedies for both species-based and area-based conservation agreements. The paper concludes by assessing the prospects of transition from the paradigm of 'permanent sovereignty over natural resources' towards new concepts of public trusteeship and stewardship.     

Keine Verfolgung von Jugendstraftaten durch Opfer

Die Beschr?nkung des Verfolgungsrechts durch einen Privatbeteiligten nach § 44 Abs 2 JGG in Verfahren gegen Jugendliche gilt nicht nur für den dort genannten Privatbeteiligten selbst, sondern für s?mtliche in § 195 Abs 1 StPO genannten Personen. Diese sind dem Privatbeteiligten n?mlich durch die §§ 65 und 195 Abs 1 StPO rechtlich gleichgeordnet.     

Investigators and Prosecutors or, Desperately Seeking Scotland: Re-formulation of the 'Philips Principle'

Prosecution in England and Wales, traditionally private, was captured by the 'new police', creating an 'English tradition' unlike those of the rest of the United Kingdom. To overcome consequent problems, the Royal Commission on Criminal Procedure recommended the 'Philips principle', whereby investigator and prosecutor were separate, but co-ordinate, on which basis the Crown Prosecution Service was set up. However, the principle was in fact compromised by the 'English tradition', most obviously by permitting continued police prosecution. Moreover, the Serious Fraud Office, set up shortly thereafter, contradicted the principle. Yet, HM Customs and Excise addressed its serious problems by applying the principle. The CPS itself encountered difficulties flowing from the compromises. Reports (Runciman, Narey, Glidewell) recommended various devices, straining the principle, until the Auld Report recognised that reformulation was necessary, along the lines adopted elsewhere in the United Kingdom, that is, by recognising that there should be investigator subordination to prosecutor.     

毛泽东晚年探索发生逆转的客观因素论析

从1956年开始,毛泽东鉴于苏联的经验教训,开始探索一条适合中国情况的社会主义建设道路。在探索过程中,提出了许多有价值的思想,取得了不少成就,但从1957年开始,其探索发生了逆转。     

混合斑中精子DNA抽提方法的改进

目的改善混合斑中精子DNA的抽提效率。方法对不同条件下的混合斑采用不同方法提取精子DNA,进行PCR扩增及STR分型。结果联合运用Chelex法和商品化试剂盒进行精子DNA抽提,可比普通Chelex法快速、准确。结论Chelex法与商品化试剂盒的联合运用可提高混合斑DNA分型的成功率。     

Streitiges Verfahren für Rechte aus laesio enormis auch bei MRG-geschütztem Mietvertrag

Im Gegensatz zu Kondiktionsansprüchen, die durch den besonderen Bereicherungsanspruch des § 27 MRG ausgeschlossen werden, bleibt nach Ansicht des erkennenden Senats für vertragliche Ansprüche wie laesio enormis, aber auch Irrtumsanfechtung bzw Gew?hrleistungsansprüche aus einem Kaufvertrag über Einrichtungsgegenst?nde, dessen Eigenschaft als Schein- oder Umgehungsgesch?ft zur Verdeckung einer unzul?ssigen Abl?seforderung der Mieter gar nicht behauptet, der streitige Rechtsweg zul?ssig.     

Vorkaufsrecht an einem Teil eines Grundstücks

Aus der Bestimmung des § 3 Abs 1 GBG, wonach jeder Grundbuchsk?rper als Ganzes zu behandeln ist, folgt, dass jede Belastung eines Grundbuchsk?rpers, sei es ein Bestand- oder Vorkaufsrecht, ein Wiederkaufsrecht, eine Dienstbarkeit oder eine Reallast, auf dem ganzen Grundbuchsk?rper einzutragen ist, nicht auf einzelnen Grundstücken oder Teilen davon. Allerdings ist es mit der überwiegenden Lehre und Rsp aus materieller Sicht m?glich, ein Vorkaufsrecht nur an einem von mehreren Grundstücken einer Liegenschaft bzw auf einem Grundstücksteil zu vereinbaren. Die Belastung ist dabei auf dem ganzen Grundbuchsk?rper einzuverleiben. Der Vorkaufsfall wird grunds?tzlich nur dann ausgel?st, wenn dem Berechtigten der vom Vorkaufsrecht betroffene Teil der Liegenschaft angeboten wird, w?hrend beim Weiterverkauf der gesamten Liegenschaft das Vorkaufsrecht grunds?tzlich aufrecht bleibt.     

复合扩增20个Y-STR基因座及其法医学的应用

目的建立20个Y-STR基因座的复合扩增体系,进行遗传多态性调查,并评价其法医学应用价值。方法采用五色荧光素标记技术,对20个Y-STR基因座(DYS391、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS390、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS438、DYS460、Y GATA H4、DYS456、DYS439、DYS635、DYS448、DYS393、DYS388、DYS437、DYS19、DYS392、DYS458、DYS447、DYS385 a/b)进行复合扩增和毛细管电泳检测;调查辽宁汉族376名无关男性个体20个Y-STR基因座的遗传多态性数据;并对系统性能进行检测。结果本文方法同时检测20个Y-STR基因座,在376名个体中共检出376种单倍型,基因多样性在0.371 1～0.969 8之间;方法特异性好,分型结果准确稳定,灵敏度达0.062 5ng,实际案例常见生物检材的检验结果良好。结论20个Y-STR基因座复合扩增检测法可以用于实际案例检验,调查所获数据对建立Y-STR数据库和相关研究和应用具有重要意义。     

Are they different? A comparison of risk in Dangerous and Severe Personality Disordered and Personality Disordered hospitalized populations

Abstract

There has been considerable interest internationally in the assessment and treatment of individuals who have a severe personality disorder and who might pose a high risk of future recidivism. In the UK, the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) programme was initiated to deal with just this group. It is unclear, yet, whether those admitted to these services are different from those admitted to conventional personality disorder (PD) services. In the present study, 60 patients admitted to DSPD services, under DSPD criteria, were compared with 44 patients admitted to personality disordered (non-DSPD) services within the same high secure psychiatric hospital, on risk measures, including (1) an index of predicted future violence, (2) previous offending behaviour and (3) ‘pre-treatment’ levels of institutional risk-related behaviour. Results indicated that DSPD patients do pose a greater clinical and management risk, have a higher number of ‘pre-treatment’ risk-related behaviour, and have a greater number of convictions and imprisonments after age 18, relative to PD patients. The implications and limitations of these results are discussed.     

Farm transmission and the commercialization of agriculture in northern Maine in the second half of the 19th century

The transition to capitalism has been one of the most discussed issues in the historiography of the rural United States in the 18th and 19th centuries, but the typology, and the “market revolution” construed upon it, are problematic. The article explores some of these problems by examining the commercialization of eastern Canadian agriculture, which was a prolonged process starting in the beginning of the 19th century in the St. Lawrence–Great Lakes axis and ending during the 1960s in the outlying parts of Quebec, Ontario, and the Maritime Provinces. It is difficult to identify clear trends in the numbers yielded by evidence from this region for the time period in question. Highly commercial farms were more likely than the others to transfer all their property to their children. Deficit farmers were much more likely than the others to transfer all their property to outsiders. But the data do not support the view that farmers who were keen on turning their farms into moneymaking businesses adopted property transmission practices that were markedly different from the others. And before the 1830s, there was really no need to have strategies in place because land was plentiful.