论21世纪中国哲学和时代使命

通古今之变、融中西之学、究天人之际,是21世纪中国哲学之时代使命的主要内容。这里的"问题域"涵盖了纵断面的古今、横断面的中西与超越面的天人三个向度。中国文化与中国哲学在20世纪走过了一个由衰落而复苏而繁盛的道路。可以断言,随着时代的发展,作为人类哲学的主流传统之一,古老的中国哲学也必将在21世纪焕发出青春。     

中国古代史研究21世纪展望--"21世纪中国历史学展望学术讨论会"中国古代史组讨论纪实

2002年5月云南大学召开了"21世纪中国历史学展望学术讨论会",这是进入21世纪以后中国历史学界的一次盛会。与会专家学者对20世纪的中国历史学研究进行总结,畅谈了对21世纪中国历史学的展望。中国古代史组的专家学者们在研讨中,提出一些重要的学术见解和改革建议。这对今后中国古代史的学科发展乃至整个中国历史学的发展,都将具有重要意义。     

Paris (COP21) Agreement: Loss and damage,adaptation and climate finance issues

Climate policy documents are more interesting for what they leave out than what they contain. Using the COP21 negotiating texts, this article analyses the Paris Agreement to determine the good, the bad and the ugly of this ‘landmark’ document regarding loss and damage (L&D), adaptation and finance. The article establishes that among the good is that we have a universal deal in place that speaks to L&D and adaptation. the bad remains that developing and weaker nations are still vulnerable, in negotiations and to climate change. Among the ugly is the emerging unholy alliance between the referees (national governments) and key players (business and industry) that resulted in a quasi-legally binding deal. Furthermore, we continue to have endless financial promises. Since Gleneagles in 2005, when $50 billion in aid was promised by the G8, $100 billion per annum was promised from Copenhagen’s COP15 in 2009, to the scale-up promises of $100 billion annually from 2015 – developing countries are still waiting for these promises to be met. Drawing from Africa’s adaptation funding needs of $15 billion annually, as estimated by the United Nations environment Programme to 2020, and the $50+ billion annually thereafter to 2050, the article concludes that the global adaptation funding gap remains huge. We therefore recommend that domestic mobilisation of financial and other resources remain a viable option.     

Some Thoughts on the Construction of the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road北大核心CSSCISSCI

As an integral component of the ＂One Belt and One Road＂ strategic vision, the construction of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road will reflect the developing path of China＇ s maritime geo-economy with significant polit- ical and diplomatic implications. Although the construction of the new maritime silk road has its？ endogenous logic and justified considerations, it will encounter various challenges and difficulties. In order to achieve the strategic goal of setting up a community？ of common interest and？ destiny with the relative countries, the ＂Maritime Silk Road＂ program has to be advanced cautiously with the principles of wide consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits.     

Bioinformatics and human identification in mass fatality incidents: the world trade center disaster

Victim identification initiatives undertaken in the wake of Mass Fatality Incidents (MFIs) where high-body fragmentation has been sustained are often dependent on DNA typing technologies to complete their mandate. The success of these endeavors is linked to the choice of DNA typing methods and the bioinformatic tools required to make the necessary associations. Several bioinformatic tools were developed to assist with the identification of the victims of the World Trade Center attacks, one of the most complex incidents to date. This report describes one of these tools, the Mass Disaster Kinship Analysis Program (MDKAP), a pair-wise comparison software designed to handle large numbers of complete or partial Short Tandem Repeats (STR) genotypes, and infer identity of, or biological relationships between tested samples. The software performs all functions required to take full advantage of the information content of processed genotypic data sets from large-scale MFIs, including the collapse of victims data sets, remains re-association, virtual genotype generation through gap-filling, parentage trio searching, and a consistency check of reported/inferred biological relationships within families. Although very few WTC victims were genetically related, the software can detect parentage trios from within a victim's genotype data set through a nontriangulated approach that screens all possible parentage trios. All software-inferred relationships from WTC data were confirmed by independent statistical analysis. With a 13 STR loci complement, a fortuitous parentage trio (FPT) involving nonrelated individuals was detected. Additional STR loci would be required to reduce the risk of an FPT going undetected in large-scale MFIs involving related individuals among the victims. Kinship analysis has proven successful in this incident but its continued success in larger scale MFIs is contingent on the use of a sufficient number of STR loci to reduce the risk of undetected FPTs, the use of mtDNA and Y-STRs to confirm parentage and of bioinformatics that can support large-scale comparative genotyping schemes capable of detecting parentage trios from within a group of related victims.     

Dynamischer Erhaltungsbegriff und Verbesserungspflicht des Vermieters im MRG

Im Bereich voller Anwendbarkeit des MRG hat der Vermieter für eine Erhaltung des Mietgegenstandes "im jeweils ortsüblichen Standard" zu sorgen. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht, dem unbestimmten Gesetzesbegriff der Ortsüblichkeit anhand der bisherigen Rechtsprechung Konturen zu verleihen sowie Kriterien für die bisher unklare Abgrenzung zwischen dem dynamischen Erhaltungsbegriff des § 3 MRG und der Verbesserung nach § 4 MRG herauszuarbeiten.     

Wertsicherungsvereinbarung – Angemessenheitsprüfung bei Altverträgen

Eine im Geltungsbereich des MRG erfolgte einseitige gesetzliche Erh?hung des vor Inkrafttreten des MRG zul?ssig frei vereinbarten Hauptmietzinses ist nicht dem Fall gleichzuhalten, dass die Wertsicherungsvereinbarung auf den ursprünglich zul?ssig frei vereinbarten Hauptmietzins anzuwenden ist. Vielmehr liegt im Fall einer einseitigen gesetzlichen Erh?hung des Hauptmietzinses (hier aufgrund des Vorliegens des Tatbestandes des § 12 a Abs 3 MRG) eben keine auf ihre Angemessenheit nicht überprüfbare Vereinbarung in einem vor dem 1. 1. 1982 geschlossenen "Altvertrag" vor. Die "Kombination" dahin, dass der im Geltungsbereich des MRG gesetzlich erh?hte nunmehrige angemessene Hauptmietzins aufgrund der ursprünglichen Wertsicherungsvereinbarung unüberprüfbar erh?ht werden kann, also ein überschreiten der Angemessenheitsgrenze des § 16 Abs 1 MRG durch die Anwendung der alten Wertsicherungsvereinbarung nicht geltend gemacht werden kann, würde zu einem unbilligen Ergebnis führen.     

Zum Eintrittsrecht des homosexuellen Lebensgefährten in den Mietvertrag

Kürzlich hat der OGH das Eintrittsrecht des homosexuellen Lebensgef?hrten in den Mietvertrag unter Berufung auf die MRK-konform vorzunehmende Auslegung des § 14 Abs 3 MRG grunds?tzlich anerkannt. Der folgende Beitrag setzt sich n?her mit der aktuellen Entscheidung unter Berücksichtigung der Vorjudikatur und des neueren Schrifttums auseinander und bezieht dazu ausführlich Stellung.     

丹皮酚通过miR-21介导的p38 MAPK信号通路下调氧化低密度脂蛋白诱导的大鼠血管内皮细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α释放

目的 观察微RNA-21（microRNA-21,miR-21）对p38丝裂原活化的蛋白激酶（p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, p38-MAPK）信号通路的调控作用,探究丹皮酚（paeonol, Pae）抑制血管内皮细胞（vascular endothelial cell, VEC）损伤的机制。方法 组织块预消化贴壁法培养大鼠VEC;氧化低密度脂蛋白（oxidized low-density lipoprotein, ox-LDL）诱导VEC的损伤;用HiPerFect试剂将miR-21模拟物或抑制剂转染进入VEC;免疫印迹法检测p38 MAPK信号通路相关蛋白的表达;酶联免疫吸附试验检测VEC中肿瘤坏死因子α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）的水平。结果 ox-LDL明显提高VEC中Ras、p-MKK3/6、p-p38蛋白表达水平,并诱导VEC分泌TNF-α;miR-21高表达可升高TNF-α水平及Ras、p-MKK3/6、p-p38蛋白表达水平;Pae明显降低损伤的VEC分泌TNF-α水平,且抑制由miR-21高表达引起的TNF-α水平上升及p38 MAPK信号通路的激活。结论 Pae可抑制miR-21介导的p38 MAPK信号通路,减少ox-LDL诱导的VEC中TNF-α的分泌。     

Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.