牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因的克隆及原核表达

为了解牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因的免疫学特性,根据MAG1基因序列,设计并合成了1对用于扩增MAG1基因的引物。将PCR扩增产物连接到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-2上,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中。SDS-PAGE结果显示,MAG1在大肠杆菌中获得了较高水平的表达,表达蛋白的分子质量为65ku。Western-blot结果显示,表达的MAG1蛋白可被牛源犬新孢子虫阳性血清特异性识别,表明该MAG1蛋白具有较好的反应原性。本研究为新孢子虫病疫苗及诊断试剂盒的研究奠定了基础。     

湖南省华支睾吸虫线粒体cox1和nad1基因的克隆及进化分析

为了研究湖南省华支睾吸虫分离株线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶第Ⅰ亚基(cox1)基因部分序列(pcox1)和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶亚单位Ⅰ基因(nad1)部分序列(pnad1)的遗传变异情况,并用pcox1和pnad1序列构建华支睾吸虫与其他吸虫的种群遗传进化树。应用聚合酶链反应扩增华支睾吸虫虫株的pcox1和pnad1,应用ClustalX 1.81程序对序列进行比对,然后用Phylip3.67程序中的MP法和MEGA4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle5.2程序构建最大似然树。结果显示,所获得的pcox1和pnad1序列长度分别为1 100bp和790bp,种系发育进化表分析表明,25个华支睾吸虫分离株位于同一分枝。证实华支睾吸虫pcox1和pnad1序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,从而为华支睾吸虫的分类鉴定以及进一步的分子流行病学调查和群体遗传研究奠定基础。     

犬新孢子虫不同靶基因PCR检测方法的比较

为筛选出检测犬新孢子虫更为特异、敏感的PCR方法,分别以MAG1、SAG1和Nc5为靶基因进行PCR检测,并从敏感性、特异性和临床样本检出率等方面进行了比较。结果显示,以Nc5为靶基因的PCR方法敏感性最高,最小检测DNA量为17.8fg/μL;以MAG1为靶基因的PCR方法敏感性最低,最小检测DNA量为17.8pg/μL;而以SAG1为靶基因的PCR方法的最低检测量为178fg/μL;3种靶基因引物均扩增不出刚地弓形虫、牛瑟氏泰勒虫、猪附红细胞体等基因片段,具有较好的特异性;对28份已攻犬新孢子虫标准株的BALB/c小鼠组织样本的检测结果表明,以Nc5基因设计的引物检出率最高,为75.0%(21/28),明显高于SAG1基因的67.9%(19/28)和MAG1基因的53.6%(15/28)。本试验为新孢子虫病的诊断及流行病学调查提供了更为敏感、特异的检测技术。     

Isolation and Identification of Three By‐products Found in Methylamphetamine Synthesized by the Emde Route

This article describes the isolation and structural elucidation of three compounds produced during the synthesis of methylamphetamine by the so‐called “Emde” procedure. The “Emde” procedure involves the preparation of the intermediate chloropseudoephedrine or chloroephedrine from ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, respectively. The intermediates are then reduced to methylamphetamine with hydrogen under pressure in the presence of a catalyst. The by‐product compounds were isolated from methylamphetamine by column chromatography and liquid chromatography (LC). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹³C NMR), and nanospray quadrupole‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF‐MS) were used to identify them as two stereoisomers of the compound N, N′‐dimethyl‐3,4‐diphenylhexane‐2,5‐diamine and N‐methyl‐1‐{4‐[2‐(methylamino)propyl]phenyl}‐1‐phenylpropan‐2‐amine.     

大鼠脑震荡后大脑多巴胺D_1受体的动态表达观察

目的探讨大鼠脑震荡后不同时间大脑多巴胺D1受体在不同部位的表达变化。方法用金属单摆打击装置复制大鼠脑震荡模型,将56只大鼠随机分为脑震荡后1、2、4、8、16和24d 6个损伤组和1个正常对照组,每组8只。于大鼠脑震荡后不同时间取内侧隔核(MSN)、左右Broca斜角带垂直支(VDB)、丘脑网状带(RT)脑组织,用免疫组化染色(SP法)观察脑组织不同区域多巴胺受体(D1)表达情况,用图像分析系统进行定量分析。结果各组大鼠脑组织D1受体免疫组化阳性表达变化情况:在MNS区,脑震荡后1d细胞阳性表达开始减弱,到16d细胞阳性表达最弱,16～24d细胞阳性表达开始增强,但在24d仍比对照组的表达弱。在VDB区,脑震荡后1d细胞阳性表达开始减弱,2d细胞阳性表达最弱,脑震荡后2～24d细胞阳性表达开始增强,但在24d仍比对照组的表达弱。在RT区,脑震荡后1d细胞阳性表达开始减弱,4d细胞阳性表达最弱,4～24d细胞阳性表达开始增强,到24d与对照组表达接近。结论大鼠脑震荡后不同时间,脑组织多巴胺D1受体在MSN、VDB、RT不同区域的表达轻微下调,但下调差异无显著性意义。     

3个miniSTR基因座荧光标记复合扩增体系的建立及应用

目的建立扩增片段小于115 bp,包括D1S1676、D6S1274和D17S1299 3个非CODIS系统的miniSTR基因座复合扩增系统,用于高度降解DNA样本的基因分型。方法采用不同荧光染料标记引物,通过PCR扩增,利用310遗传分析仪对100份成都汉族健康无关个体血样以及2份高度降解检材进行检测。结果荧光标记复合扩增D1S1676、D6S1274和D17S1299 3个miniSTR基因座,每个基因座均获得了清晰的基因型分型结果。100份样本,3个miniSTR基因座分别检出个9、9、7个等位基因和27、23、18种基因型,基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。3个基因座在成都汉族人群的累积非父排除率、累积个体识别能力分别为0.9991和0.9160。结论本系统可以应用于个体识别和亲权鉴定,为DNA高度降解样本分型提供了新的方法。     

华东汉族人群乙醇代谢酶相关SNP位点的多态性

目的对ADH2、ADH3、ALDH2和CYP2E1基因的40个SNP位点进行群体遗传学分析,得到多态性信息。方法利用PCR和质谱技术平台对SNP位点进行分型检测,通过对中国华东地区汉族人群199个无关个体的调查,统计分析40个SNP位点的等位基因分布频率。结果 40个SNP位点中,rs698、rs2241894（ADH3基因座）,rs13306164、rs671（ALDH2基因座）和rs28371746、rs2515641（CYP2E1基因座）的小等位基因分布频率（MAF）均大于1%,其它SNP位点的MAF均小于1%。结论 ADH2、ADH3、ALDH2和CYP2E1基因的40个SNP位点中,6个位点（rs698、rs2241894、rs13306164、rs671、rs28371746和rs2515641）在华东汉族人群中具有多态性。     

Trace DNA collection—Performance of minitape and three different swabs

In this study two types of synthetic swabs and one commercially available minitape were tested and compared with the currently used cotton swab. The results indicate that there is no major difference in performance between the swabs for recovery of trace samples, and that the minitape is better suitable for recovering from absorbent materials than swabs are. However, no statistical calculations were carried out due to the low number of samples in each category.     

Political Ideology,Political Party,and Support for Greater Federal Spending on Environmental Protection in the United States: Evidence from the General Social Surveys, 1993–2018

This paper focuses on the effects of political ideology and party affiliation on support for more government spending on environmental protection. Pooled‐sample results show that Liberals (Democrats) are more likely to support higher government spending on environmental protection than Moderates (Independents), who, in turn, are more likely to support higher spending levels than Conservatives (Republicans). The results persist even when we control for respondents' opinions concerning whether the federal government, in general, does too little or too much. When stratifying by party, ideological divisions generally narrow, while stratifying by ideology leads to slightly wider divisions between Democrats and Republicans. Together, these results suggest that when Liberals and Conservatives form opinions about government spending on the environment, party affiliation, to some degree, dampens the effects of ideology. Between 2014 and 2018 the probability of supporting more environmental spending increased, albeit slightly, for all ideologies and parties, but more so for Liberals and Democrats.     

Measuring Environmental and Economic Opinions about Hydraulic Fracturing: A Survey of Landowners in Active or Planned Drilling Units

We investigate how Eastern Ohio landowners affected by the recent boom in high‐volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) view the industry and the factors that affect their attitudes. Our unique sample almost exclusively contains individuals whose land is under lease for and/or experiencing HVHF. Nation‐ and state‐wide surveys that investigate HVHF attitudes tend to find nearly even splits between opposed and supportive respondents, whose views are strongly influenced by political partisanship. These trends largely do not manifest among Eastern Ohio landowners, for whom personal experiences with HVHF crucially influence attitudes. Most respondents support HVHF and say it has benefited their community economically. Political partisanship does not significantly impact HVHF views. Contrary to arguments in the literature that economic considerations drive variation in support for HVHF, landowners’ support for the industry also appears influenced by perceptions of its environmental and infrastructure impacts. Environmental concerns appear to more powerfully shape attitudes than economic benefits.