1H‐NMR with Multivariate Analysis for Automobile Lubricant Comparison

Identification of suspected automobile‐related lubricants could provide valuable information in forensic cases. We examined that automobile lubricants might exhibit the chemometric characteristics to their individual usages. To compare the degree of clustering in the plots, we co‐plotted general industrial oils that were highly dissimilar with automobile lubricants in additive compositions. ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy was used with multivariate statistics as a tool for grouping, clustering, and identification of automobile lubricants in laboratory conditions. We analyzed automobile lubricants including automobile engine oils, automobile transmission oils, automobile gear oils, and motorcycle oils. In contrast to the general industrial oils, automobile lubricants showed relatively high tendencies of clustering to their usages. Our pilot study demonstrated that the comparison of known and questioned samples to their usages might be possible in forensic fields.     

Validation of the Investigator 24plex QS Kit: a 6-dye multiplex PCR assay for forensic application in the Chinese Han population

The Investigator 24plex QS Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) is a 6-dye fluorescent chemistry short tandem repeat (STR) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification system that simultaneously amplifies 20 of the expanded Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci, SE33, DYS391, and the standard sex-determining locus, amelogenin, as well as two special internal performance quality sensor controls (QS1 and QS2), which are included in the primer mix to check the PCR performance. This study was designed to be a pilot evaluation of this STR-PCR kit in a Chinese Han population regarding the PCR conditions, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, repeatability, reproducibility, and concordance; tolerance to PCR inhibitors; applicability to real “forensic-type” samples; species specificity; mixture, balance and stutter analyses, and utility in a population investigation. The exhaustive validation studies demonstrated that the Investigator 24plex QS system is accurate, sensitive and robust for STR genotyping. In addition, these genetic markers in the population data in our study indicated that they can also be useful for forensic identification and paternity testing in the Chinese Han population.     

GC／MS检验1-苯基-1-丙酮和1-苯基-2-丙酮

目的阐明1-苯基-1-丙酮和1-苯基-2-丙酮在色谱行为、用途和受管制程度等方面的差异。方法使用GC／MS对1-苯基一1-丙酮和1-苯基-2-丙酮进行定性分析。结果1-苯基-1-丙酮和1-苯基-2-丙酮的保留时间相差约1min,特征离子显著不同。结论1-苯基-1-丙酮和1-苯基-2-丙酮虽然为同分异构体,且多数时中文名称都简称为苯丙酮,也都是制备毒品的原料,但其实二者在色谱行为、用途、管制程度上却有着巨大的差别。     

Mating (marriage) patterns and economic development

This paper looks at the relationship between economic development and mating (marriage) patterns in the very long run. For this purpose we introduce the Goldin and the Kuznets curves which relate female labour and income inequality with economic development respectively. To some extent, the Goldin and the Kuznets curves have followed opposite paths, which in turn, could illustrate how economic development has had an impact on mating (marriage) patterns, and thus household formation. The likely convergence in mating patterns among hunter–gatherers across societies vanished after the Neolithic revolution. Then, African polygyny and the ‘European’ marriage pattern developed into the most significant exceptions to the traditional dictate of nature “…an early attachment to one woman” (Malthus, 1798: pp. 15). Nowadays, monogamy and late attachments have become the norm rather than an exception.     

黄连水煎液微粒体系对大鼠小肠上皮细胞紧密连接结构与紧密连接蛋白ZO-1表达的影响

目的 观察黄连水煎液微粒体系对大鼠小肠上皮细胞紧密连接结构与紧密连接蛋白-1（zonula occludens-1,ZO-1）表达的影响。方法 通过常规煎煮获得黄连水煎液,经高速离心得黄连水煎液微粒及去微粒水煎液。采用大鼠肠循环灌注模型,分别用空白Kreb-Ringers（K-R）液、黄连水煎液、微粒重悬液和去微粒水煎液对大鼠空肠段进行循环灌注。2 h后取下肠段,以透射电子显微镜观察细胞紧密连接结构的变化,采用免疫组织化学法检测空肠黏膜中ZO-1的表达水平。结果 空白K-R液组与去微粒水煎液组小肠上皮细胞间连接紧密无明显间隙,ZO-1蛋白呈蜂窝或点状聚集于上皮细胞周围;黄连水煎液组与微粒重悬液组小肠上皮细胞间隙增大,且ZO-1表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 黄连汤剂中活性成分肠吸收与黄连水煎液微粒体系调节小肠紧密连接结构和ZO-1表达水平有关。     

我国农村生态文明建设情况管窥--以“中央一号文件”为研究对象

生态文明建设,是我们党历来高度重视的一项战略任务与重要工作。新中国成立后,特别是改革开放以来,建设农村生态文明一直是党中央发展"三农"工作、解决"三农"问题的重要方面。其中,一个最突出的表现就是我们党历年所颁发的事关"三农"工作"中央一号文件",它凸显了我们党围绕农村生态文明建设所进行的顶层设计、决策部署和政策演进,也是各地区各部门做好农村生态文明建设工作的具体指导和根本遵循。     

Stress-related temporary hearing loss--evaluation of bio-humoral parameters: forensic and criminological applications

The body-alarm reaction results from the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which can lead to physio-psychological phenomena such as an exclusion/occlusion of the sense of hearing. One hypothesis to explain this alteration consists in a hydromechanical dysfunction of the internal ear attributable to antidiuretic hormone. In this study, we evaluated the perception of acoustic stimuli administered in stressful conditions in 14 phobic patients and in 20 healthy subjects, in order to assess the influence of stress on perceiving capabilities. We also measured the concentration of salivary cortisol and IL-1β and neurovegetative parameters to objectivise and quantify the physiological reactions. Our results show a worse perception of the frequencies of the human voice under stress; these findings could have a dual value: in the legal field, concerning criminal liability, and on the operative context, regarding the efficiency of verbal communication among law enforcement officers in situations inducing intense emotional stress.     

心肌缺血猝死心肌中高迁移率族蛋白B-1的表达研究

目的探讨高迁移率族蛋白B-1(High Mobility Group Box protein 1,HMGB1)在心肌缺血猝死后诊断中的法医学价值。方法收集不同案例心肌蜡块分为疑似早期心肌缺血猝死组(早期梗死组)20例、心肌梗死猝死组(心肌梗死组)15例、冠心病非心源性猝死组(对照组1)10例和正常心肌组(对照组2)10例,应用免疫组织化学二步法染色,观察心肌胞核和胞浆中HMGB1表达,用ImagePro Plus 6.0软件计算HMGB1表达的平均光密度,用SPSS 13.0对表达进行数据统计分析。结果 HMGB1在四组心肌细胞胞核中表达均呈阳性;早期梗死组和心肌梗死组胞浆均呈阳性表达,对照组1和对照组2胞浆呈阴性。各组平均光密度分别为0.3031±0.0557、0.3195±0.0523、0.0252±0.0030、0.0207±0.0029,早期梗死组和心肌梗死组的阳性反应与两个对照组相比存在显著差异(P﹤0.01)。结论 HMGB1可作为早期心肌缺血猝死的一个辅助诊断指标。     

Determination of phenotype associated SNPs in the MC1R gene

Prediction of physical appearance based on genetic analysis is a very attractive prospect for forensic investigations. Recent studies have proved that there is a significant association between some genetic variants of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene and red hair color. The present study focuses on the potential forensic applicability of variation within this pigment-related gene. Sequencing of the complete MC1R gene was performed on a group of red-haired individuals and controls with different pigmentation. A major role in determination of red hair color is played by two MC1R variants--C451T and C478T. The optimized minisequencing assay for genotyping of the above positions and three other important red hair-related MC1R polymorphisms, C252A, G425A, and G880C was successfully applied to analyze typical forensic specimens. Determination of a homozygous or heterozygous combination can be a good predictor of both red hair color and fair skin of a subject.     

Bioinformatics and human identification in mass fatality incidents: the world trade center disaster

Victim identification initiatives undertaken in the wake of Mass Fatality Incidents (MFIs) where high-body fragmentation has been sustained are often dependent on DNA typing technologies to complete their mandate. The success of these endeavors is linked to the choice of DNA typing methods and the bioinformatic tools required to make the necessary associations. Several bioinformatic tools were developed to assist with the identification of the victims of the World Trade Center attacks, one of the most complex incidents to date. This report describes one of these tools, the Mass Disaster Kinship Analysis Program (MDKAP), a pair-wise comparison software designed to handle large numbers of complete or partial Short Tandem Repeats (STR) genotypes, and infer identity of, or biological relationships between tested samples. The software performs all functions required to take full advantage of the information content of processed genotypic data sets from large-scale MFIs, including the collapse of victims data sets, remains re-association, virtual genotype generation through gap-filling, parentage trio searching, and a consistency check of reported/inferred biological relationships within families. Although very few WTC victims were genetically related, the software can detect parentage trios from within a victim's genotype data set through a nontriangulated approach that screens all possible parentage trios. All software-inferred relationships from WTC data were confirmed by independent statistical analysis. With a 13 STR loci complement, a fortuitous parentage trio (FPT) involving nonrelated individuals was detected. Additional STR loci would be required to reduce the risk of an FPT going undetected in large-scale MFIs involving related individuals among the victims. Kinship analysis has proven successful in this incident but its continued success in larger scale MFIs is contingent on the use of a sufficient number of STR loci to reduce the risk of undetected FPTs, the use of mtDNA and Y-STRs to confirm parentage and of bioinformatics that can support large-scale comparative genotyping schemes capable of detecting parentage trios from within a group of related victims.