交通管理专业“2＋1”教学模式的实践与完善

经过为期三年的试点，首届实施“2＋1”教学模式的交通管理专业学生已毕业。根据最初进行专业改革与试点的目的，联系具体实践中遇到和发现的问题与不足，结合毕业学生的亲身体会与感受，有必要在系统分析与总结“2＋1”教学模式实践经验的基础上，进一步提出相应完善和改进的措施，从而使教学改革能够确实应对现代交通管理工作对交通管理专业人才的挑战。     

Annahmeverzug des Liegenschaftskäufers und Antragslegitimation des Veräußerers im Grundbuchsverfahren

Mangels einer allgemeinen Regelung im GBG haben bei der Beurteilung der Antragslegitimation in Grundbuchsverfahren die allgemeinen Anordnungen des Au?StrG zu gelten; daraus ergibt sich grunds?tzlich eine Antragslegitimation sowohl des durch die beantragte Grundbuchshandlung Berechtigten als auch des durch diese Belasteten. Damit ist aber auch der Ver?u?erer einer Liegenschaft im Grundbuchsverfahren betreffend die Einverleibung des Eigentumsrechts des K?ufers antragslegitimiert.     

黄芩苷诱导人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231凋亡作用的研究

目的:探讨植物雌激素结构类似物黄芩苷诱导人乳腺癌雌激素受体阴性细胞株MDA-MB-231(ER-)凋亡的作用.方法:MTT法测定不同剂量黄芩苷对MDA-MB-231细胞株增殖的抑制作用;透射电镜检测细胞凋亡及黄芩苷的作用;流式细胞术分析黄芩苷对MDA-MB-231细胞周期变化的影响;RT-PCR技术分析黄芩苷对MDA-MB-231细胞bcl-2、bax mRNA水平表达的影响.结果:在一定剂量范围内,黄芩苷对MDA-MB-231细胞增殖的抑制作用呈时效、量效关系,IC50为151 μmol/L;透射电镜结果显示黄芩苷作用细胞48 h后出现明显的凋亡现象,流式细胞仪检测结果显示细胞凋亡率随着黄芩苷的浓度增加而增大,并阻滞细胞于G2/M期;RT-PCR结果表明,黄芩苷作用细胞后bax mRNA水平的表达增加而bcl-2的表达降低. 结论:黄芩苷可以抑制MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖,诱导细胞凋亡的发生,可能是通过调节bcl-2、bax的表达和干涉细胞周期而发挥诱导人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞凋亡的作用.     

Allocative or Distributive Aims of Income Taxation?

Relations of income tax legislation and economic development are traditional subjects of German public finance. Reginald Hansen's book (1996) on practical consequences of the “Methodenstreit” for income taxation is considered under three aspects: history of economic thought, tax-systems and aims of income taxation. The introduction is followed by four paragraphs: 1. Long-term views of income taxation, 2. Reginald Hansen's comments on income taxation in Germany, 3. From Schmoller and Wagner to the modern German type of income taxation, 4. “Ability to pay,” “Pay as you use” or what else? The article demonstrates progressive and restrictive results of the long-term view focusing on the evaluation of income taxation principles.     

A CONSUMER-WELFARE APPROACH TO NETWORK NEUTRALITY REGULATION OF THE INTERNET

"Network neutrality" is the shorthand for a proposed regimeof economic regulation for the Internet. Because of the trendto deliver traditional telecommunications services, as wellas new forms of content and applications, by Internet protocol(IP), a regime of network neutrality regulation would displaceor subordinate a substantial portion of existing telecommunicationsregulation. If the United States adopts network neutrality regulation,other industrialized nations probably will soon follow. As aresult of their investment to create next-generation broadbandnetworks, network operators have the ability to innovate insidethe network by offering both senders and receivers of informationgreater bandwidth and prioritization of delivery. Network neutralityregulation would, among other things, prevent providers of broadbandInternet access service (such as digital subscriber line (DSL)or cable modem service) from offering a guaranteed, expediteddelivery speed in return for the payment of a fee. The practicaleffect of banning such differential pricing (called "accesstiering" by its critics) would be to prevent the pricing ofaccess to content or applications providers according to priorityof delivery. To the extent that an advertiser of a good or servicewould be willing to contract with a network operator for advertisingspace on the network operator's affiliated content, anotherpractical effect of network neutrality regulation would be toerect a barrier to vertical integration of network operatorsinto advertising-based business models that could supplementor replace revenues earned from their existing usage-based businessmodels. Moreover, by making end-users pay for the full costof broadband access, network neutrality regulation would denybroadband access to the large number of consumers who wouldnot be able to afford, or who would not have a willingness topay for, what would otherwise be less expensive access. Forexample, Google is planning to offer broadband access to end-usersfor free in San Francisco by charging other content providersfor advertising. This product offering is evidently predicatedon the belief that many end-users demand discounted or freebroadband access that is paid for by parties other than themselves.Proponents of network neutrality regulation argue that suchrestrictions on the pricing policies of network operators arenecessary to preserve innovation on the edges of the network,as opposed to innovation within the network. However, recognizingthat network congestion and real-time applications demand somedifferential pricing according to bandwidth or priority, proponentsof network neutrality regulation would allow broadband Internetaccess providers to charge higher prices to end-users (but notcontent or applications providers) who consume more bandwidthor who seek priority delivery of certain traffic. Thus, thedebate over network neutrality is essentially a debate overhow best to finance the construction and maintenance of a broadbandnetwork in a two-sided market in which senders and receivershave additive demand for the delivery of a given piece of information—andhence additive willingness to pay. Well-established tools ofRamsey pricing from regulatory economics can shed light on whethernetwork congestion and recovery of sunk investment in infrastructureare best addressed by charging providers of content and applications,broadband users, or both for expedited delivery. Apart fromthis pricing problem, an analytically simpler component of proposednetwork neutrality regulation would prohibit a network operatorfrom denying its users access to certain websites and Internetapplications, such as voice over Internet protocol (VoIP). Althoughsome instances of blocking of VoIP have been reported, suchconduct is not a serious risk to competition. To address thisconcern, I analyze whether market forces (that is, competitionamong access providers) and existing regulatory structures aresufficient to protect broadband users. I conclude that economicwelfare would be maximized by allowing access providers to differentiateservices vis-à-vis providers of content and applicationsin value-enhancing ways and by relying on existing legal regimesto protect consumers against the exercise of market power, shouldit exist.     

脑缺氧损伤后线粒体途径神经元凋亡

脑缺氧后神经元线粒体损伤不单使细胞发生能量缺失和功能丧失,还可以介导凋亡调节信号,是缺氧损伤后神经元凋亡的一个中心环节。线粒体膜通透性转变,释放细胞色素C活化特定的caspase蛋白酶,使细胞进入不可逆的凋亡程序中;Bcl-2家族促凋亡和抑制凋亡成员之间相互作用,调控细胞色素C释放,调节线粒体介导的凋亡过程。     

利用蜜罐技术改进P~2DR模型及在公安网络上的应用研究

当前公安网络安全体系还没有形成统一的网络安全策略,难以保障公安网络上公共信息的安全。P2DR模型将防护、检测、响应组成一个较完整的安全策略,是对传统安全模型的重大改进;蜜罐系统是基于主动防御理论的一种诱骗技术。利用蜜罐技术改进P2DR模型,提高了事前检测能力,并初步实现了在公安网络上的应用,提高了P2DR的效能,增加了公安网络的防御纵向深度。