大鼠软组织挤压伤后NO对肝组织TNF-α和IL-1β基因表达的影响

目的 探讨一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）在大鼠软组织挤压伤后肝组织TNF-α和IL-1β基因表达中的作用. 方法 将大鼠随机分成对照组、挤压组、挤压后氨基胍（aminoguanidine,AG）处理组、挤压后L-精氨酸（L-arginine,L-Arg）处理组,经实验处理后检测血清中ALT、AST活性和NO浓度,并利用RT-PCR技术观察肝组织中TNF-α、IL-1β基因表达情况. 结果 与对照组比较,挤压组肝组织中TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA表达明显上调（P＜0.05）,应用L-Arg后TNF-α、IL-1β mRNA表达进一步上调（P＜0.05）,而应用AG后上述指标明显下降（P＜0.05）;与对照组比较,挤压组血清ALT、AST活性以及NO浓度明显增加（P＜0.05）,应用L-Arg后血清ALT、AST活性以及NO浓度进一步明显增高（P＜0.05）,应用AG后上述指标则明显降低（P＜0.05）. 结论 大鼠软组织挤压伤诱导NO生成增多,内源性NO介导肝组织TNF-α和IL-1β基因表达上调.     

脑震荡大鼠脑组织MDA、SOD、TNF-a及IL-1β表达变化

目的观察脑震荡大鼠脑组织中丙二醛（malondialdehvde,MDA）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxidedismutase,SOD）活性及肿瘤坏死因子-ol（tumornecrosisfactor-a,TNF-a、白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β表达的变化,探讨脑震荡后继发性脑损伤机制。方法建立大鼠脑震荡模型,Weil氏染色观察大鼠脑组织病理改变：光化学分析方法检测脑组织内MDA含量、SOD活性;免疫组化法检测大脑皮质和海马区TNF-a、IL-1β表达。结果Weil氏染色显示神经髓鞘排列紊乱,弯曲肿胀,12h后更加明显;脑震荡后大鼠脑组织MDA含量较对照组明显升高．而SOD活性较对照纽明显降低;脑震荡后大鼠皮质及海马区细胞胞浆中TNF-a、IL-1β较对照组表达量明显上调。结论脑震荡大鼠脑组织存在氧化应激和炎性损伤,可能在脑震荡后继发性脑损伤中起重要作用。     

东盟五国能源安全的政策保障及其借鉴

面对能源安全领域的挑战,包括能源结构单一、自给率低、效率进步缓慢和环境问题凸显,东盟五国政府通过能源三大法律政策实施、能源效率奖励机制创新以及区域能源合作网构建等政策保障制度来应对能源安全危机。相似的能源现状为借鉴东盟五国经验奠定了基础。中国应出台和完善保障性能源安全政策,创新能源效率奖励系统,加强能源基础设施建设和深化国际能源合作。     

Five Stars and a Cricket. Beppe Grillo Shakes Italian Politics

The article focuses on a new political player: the Five Star Movement led by the comedian Beppe Grillo. The party lies at the junction between different organisational models and conceptions of democracy: it combines an online and an offline presence; it has ‘horizontal’ structural elements, but a top-down decision-making process; it is positioned ‘beyond’ ideologies, while its electorate comes from various political families. The work considers the history, message, leader, organisation and electoral base of the movement, as well as the political opportunity structure that facilitated its growth in 2012 and the challenges it faces in the delicate phase of institutionalisation.     

Beppe Grillo's First Defeat? The May 2013 Municipal Elections in Italy

The article analyses the results of the Italian municipal elections held in May 2013. It focuses on their three most striking features: the clear victory of the centre-left coalition, the marked drop in voter turnout and the shrinkage of the Five Stars Movement (M5S). The article analyses the causes of the M5S' loss of votes and interprets this new party with reference to European (disaffection towards political institutions and the ‘counter-democracy’ phenomenon as explained by Rosanvallon) and Italian (the crumbling of the party system) variables.     

Reliable and Robust Molecular Sexing of the Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus) Using PCR‐RFLP Analysis of the CHD 1 Gene

The hen harrier (Circus cyaneus) is a bird of prey that is persecuted in the United Kingdom, and there is a need for a DNA‐based individual identification and sexing system for the use in forensic investigations. This study reports a new set of PCR primers for the chromo‐helicase‐DNA‐binding protein 1 gene, which allows sexing using PCR‐RFLP. Instead of exonic primers that amplify across a large intron, this set consists of a primer within the intron, enabling reduction in amplicon sizes from 356 to 212 bp and 565 to 219 bp in W and Z chromosomes. DNA degradation and dilution experiments demonstrate that this set is significantly more robust than one that amplifies across the intron, and sequencing of the intronic primer‐binding region across several individuals shows that it is highly conserved. While our objective is to incorporate this primer set into an STR‐based individualization kit, it may in the meantime prove useful in forensic or conservation studies.     

大鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中Cygb及HIF-1α mRNA的表达

目的探讨皮肤切创愈合过程中Cygb及HIF-1αmRNA表达的相关性及时间变化规律。方法 60只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为9个实验组和1个正常对照组,建立大鼠皮肤全层切创模型,实验组分别于术后0、1、3、6、12、24、48、72、96h脱颈处死大鼠,提取创周皮肤总RNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测Cygb及HIF-1αmRNA的表达,实验组与对照组及各组间进行比较分析。结果 Cygb与HIF-1αmRNA创伤后表达的总体变化趋势基本一致,均于伤后12h首次达峰,分别为对照组的1.6倍和5.4倍(P<0.05);随后下降,并分别于伤后48h、72h再次升高,至96h达对照组的2.8倍和5.6倍(P<0.05)。结论大鼠皮肤切创愈合过程中Cygb与HIF-1 mRNA的表达呈现时序性变化且有一定的相关性,可作为皮肤损伤时间推断的指标。     

GPD1-L基因检测及其与青壮年猝死综合征的相关性

目的探寻甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶样基因(glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene,GPD1-L)的变异位点,讨论其与青壮年猝死综合征(sudden manhood death syndrome,SMDS)的关系。方法提取SMDS组及健康对照组血样的基因组DNA,采用PCR法扩增GPD1-L基因编码区外显子、外显子-内含子交界区以及3′侧翼区序列,直接进行DNA测序以明确遗传变异类型,并进行基因型频率和等位基因频率的统计学分析。结果在SMDS组中共检测到2个变异位点,c.465CT和c.*18GT,后者在SMDS组和对照组中基因型分布和等位基因频率存在一定差异,但无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GPD1-L基因变异与中国人SMDS发生的相关性尚有待进一步研究。     

Designing ETPIMs around ECHR Review or Normalisation of ‘Preventive’ Non‐Trial‐Based Executive Measures?

This article considers the transition in 2012 from control orders to more ECHR‐compliant ‘terrorism prevention and investigation measures’ under the Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Act 2011. It argues that the interaction between security and liberty over the post 9/11 years has the appearance of a dialogue between courts and the executive that has resulted in a diminution in the repressive character of non‐trial based preventive measures. But such an impression, it will be contended, is obscuring the recalibration of ECHR rights that has occurred, easing the path to the introduction of the enhanced version of TPIMs, under the Enhanced Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Bill. The proposed ETPIMs exhibit many of the objectionable features of control orders and are currently ready to introduce if the threat level rises.     

A Comparison of DNA Extraction Using AutoMate Express™ and EZ1 Advanced XL from Liquid Blood,Bloodstains, and Semen Stains

In this study, DNA was extracted using an AutoMate Express? and an EZ1 Advanced XL from liquid blood, fresh and aged bloodstains, and fresh and aged semen stains. Extracted DNA was quantified by real‐time PCR using the D17Z1 locus. Short tandem repeat typing was performed using an AmpF?STR^® Identifiler kit. The yields of DNA obtained by the AutoMate Express? were higher from fresh bloodstains and fresh semen stains, almost the same from aged bloodstains and aged semen stains, but slightly lower from liquid blood compared with those obtained by the EZ1 Advanced XL. The addition of dithiothreitol or the use of PrepFiler? lysis buffer improved the EZ1 Advanced XL results from fresh bloodstains, but not for liquid blood and aged bloodstains. Our results demonstrated that the PrepFiler? lysis buffer is the main contributor to the higher DNA yields of the AutoM ate Express? for fresh bloodstains.