猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒宁夏分离株ORF5基因的克隆表达及其表达产物的活性分析

参考已发表的猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)ORF5基因序列,设计合成了1对覆盖完整ORF5基因区段的引物,克隆了PRRSV NX/HY株的ORF5基因(登录号为EU600287),并进行了序列比较.将该基因克隆到原核表达栽体pGEX-6P-1中,构建了融合表达质粒pGEX-6P-1-5并转化BL21,对表达蛋白进行Western-blot分析.结果表明,NX/HY分离株ORF5基因与PRRSV JX1、CH-la株的核苷酸序列同源性分别为99.2%和95.2%,推导的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为98.5%和92.5%;层析扫描分析显示,目的蛋白的含量约占菌体总蛋白的30%,且具有良好的反应原性.GP5蛋白的表达为建立相应的血清学诊断方法奠定了基础.     

大鼠局灶性脑挫伤后Cdk5的表达变化

目的研究大鼠受到一定钝力打击造成中度脑损伤后,3h至10d脑组织Cdk5的表达规律及法医学意义。方法建立大鼠钝力性局灶性脑挫伤模型,应用免疫组织化学技术和免疫蛋白印迹技术观察脑损伤后不同时间脑组织中Cdk5表达变化。结果正常组、假手术组脑组织有少量Cdk5表达;实验组损伤后3h组、6h组Cdk5表达增高,12h组表达明显升高(P0.05);在24h达到峰值,3d组、5d组、7d组、10d组逐渐下降,并在7d组、10d组基本降至正常,与正常组、假手术组比较基本无差异性(P0.05)。结论大鼠钝力性脑挫伤后Cdk5在挫伤脑组织周边区表达量增多,并呈现单峰变化,随时间延长基本降至正常。Cdk5表达变化可为早期脑挫伤时间推断奠定基础,提供新的参考指标。     

TGF-β1在SCN5A基因变异所致心源性猝死中调控作用

SCN5A基因变异所致心源性猝死发生机制尚不清楚。目前研究显示TGF-β1介导心肌纤维化以及离子通道重构调节机制的异常可能是SCN5A基因变异导致SUNDS发生的主要原因。本文就转化生长因子β1对SCN5A基因变异所致心源性猝死调控的影响机制研究进展进行综述,以期为心源性猝死法医学研究和实践提供参考。     

G20机制非正式性的起源

与国际货币基金组织等正式国际组织不同,G20是布雷顿森林体系内一种新的非正式对话机制.已有的关于G20机制起源的研究,都较多关注了G20机制诞生的必然性,却忽视了G20为什么会采取非正式机制形式的问题.本文通过对G20机制诞生历史的考察,分析了G20机制非正式性的形成过程,并指出,非正式性是G20缔造者关于新机制形式的一个基本设想,也是对当时历史经验的总结.理解G20机制非正式性的形成对于我们把握G20究竟是一种什么类型的国际机制以及如何处理G20与其他多边国际机制的关系具有一定的启发意义.     

Employment preservation vs. creditors’ repayment under bankruptcy law: The French dilemma?

The paper investigates the French dilemma associated with court administered resolution of corporate financial distress. In such a legal system, the courts seek a double objective: maintaining job positions through continuation, and determining the best outcome for the claimants. We discuss this dilemma empirically, using a unique sample of bankruptcy files on French SMEs. We address successively three critical questions. First, we highlight the determinants of the final bankruptcy outcome (continuation through reorganization or sale, or piecemeal liquidation): does continuation (the most employment-friendly outcome) depend on the firm's characteristics, and/or on the way the procedure is managed? Second, we study the determinants of the creditors’ recovery rates: do the courts play an active role in increasing recoveries? Third, we address the dilemma directly by focusing on sales as a going concern. We model the court administered selection process between rival buyout offers: do the courts balance the social content against the financial content of each offer? Is there an explicit arbitrage between employment preservation and creditor recoveries? Our main results are: (1) the French courts actively work to facilitate continuation against liquidation, and thus play a role in employment preservation. Besides, we find continuation is more likely to prevail when default is an outcome of specific difficulties (outlets, finance, and production). (2) We confirm the Radulovic (2008) findings: the global recovery rate mainly depends on the firm's ex ante characteristics at the time of triggering, while the way the procedure is managed by the court has little impact. Similarly to LoPucki and Doherty (2007), continuation via reorganization does not generate lower recovery rates on average than the other outcomes. (3) Last, the courts’ choice between rival buyout offers confirms that social considerations prevail in the arbitration. Yet, the courts still consider financial issues as well (a higher sale price increases the chances that an offer is selected), but without clear connection with the amount of due claims (one direct consequence is a moderate recovery rate on sales).     

Fall der "wirkungsgebundenen" einheitlichen Streitpartei im Außerstreitverfahren über einen abweichenden Aufteilungsschlüssel nach § 32 Abs 5 WEG 2002

Setzt der Au?erstreitrichter rechtsgestaltend den Aufteilungsschlüssel für die Kosten eines Personenaufzugs auf Antrag eines Wohnungseigentümers abweichend vom Anteilsverh?ltnis fest, bindet sein Sachbeschluss gem § 32 Abs 5 WEG 2002 s?mtliche zum Zeitpunkt der Rechtskraft verbücherten Wohnungseigentümer. Dies bewirkt einen Anwendungsfall der sog "wirkungsgebundenen" einheitlichen Streitpartei aller Gemeinschafter. Da es auf die tats?chliche Nutzung von Gemeinschaftsanlagen durch einen Wohnungseigentümer nicht ankommt, bildet ausschlie?lich deren objektive und nicht die subjektive Nutzungsm?glichkeit den Ma?stab für den vom Au?erstreitrichter festzusetzenden, von § 32 Abs 1 WEG 2002 abweichenden Aufteilungsschlüssel. Dessen Ermessensentscheidung setzt erhebliche Unterschiede in der objektiven Nutzungsm?glichkeit durch einen Wohnungseigentümer voraus.     

金黄色葡萄球菌5型荚膜多糖偶联抗原的制备及免疫原性分析

为建立金黄色葡萄球菌5型荚膜多糖(CP5)纯化与偶联技术方法,获得具有免疫原性的CP5偶联抗原,采用高压破碎菌体的方法释放荚膜多糖,酶处理去除核酸和蛋白质,通过离子交换层析进一步纯化,得到纯化的CP5,并对其纯度和反应原性进行检测;采用己二酸二酰肼(ADH)间桥法制备CP5-牛血清白蛋白(CP5-BSA)偶联抗原,加佐剂免疫小鼠,进行抗体水平测定。结果表明,纯化的CP5纯度为675.1g/kg,经用免疫琼脂双扩散试验检测,纯化多糖仅与同型菌株抗血清发生沉淀反应,偶联抗原CP5-BSA可以刺激小鼠产生CP5免疫应答。此研究结果为奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌亚单位疫苗的研制提供了试验依据。     

Civil Liberties and the Korean War

This article addresses the unsuccessful attempts to suppress free speech during the Korean War, and in particular explains the attempts to silence three reporters of alleged atrocities by United Nations forces. In the absence of carefully targeted legislation, the three individuals – Alan Winnington (a journalist), Monica Felton (a women's movement activist) and Jack Gaster (a solicitor) ‐ were threatened with or investigated for prosecution for treason or sedition, and Winnington was unable to renew his passport until 1968. Drawing heavily on archival sources (including MI5 files, which unusually fail to redact the identity of one of the lawyers who was reporting to Special Branch about Gaster's activities), the article explores the threat to civil liberties from the administrative as well as the legislative and the judicial power of the state. The article concludes by drawing contemporary parallels, and highlighting the continuing relevance of the writings of Winnington, Felton and Gaster.     

Isolation and characterisation of a novel sildenafil analogue adulterant,desmethylpiperazinyl propoxysildenafil,in a dietary supplement

A new sildenafil analogue was detected during routine screening of dietary supplements suspected to be adulterated with an erectile dysfunction drug(s) using HPLC-DAD. The UV spectrum of this compound was highly similar to that of sildenafil and almost identical to that of desmethylpiperazinyl sildenafil. The analogue was purified by using semi-preparative HPLC and structurally elucidated by performing mass spectrometric and NMR spectroscopic experiments. The spectral data revealed that this sildenafil analogue bears an n-propoxy group instead of an ethoxy group and possesses no methylpiperazinyl moiety. The isolated compound, structure of which was further confirmed by spectral comparison with synthetic one, was thus named as desmethylpiperazinyl propoxysildenafil.     

Foreign aid: An instrument for fighting communism?

In this paper, we test the argument that the sizeable reduction in aggregate aid levels in the 1990s was due to the end of the Cold War. We test two different models using a dynamic econometric specification on a panel of 17 donor countries, spanning the years 1970–97. We find aid to be positively related to military expenditures in the former Eastern Bloc during the Cold War, but not in the 1990s, suggesting that the reductions in aid disbursements are driven by the disappearance of an important motive for aid. We also study the effect on aid allocation, but here we do not find any robust effects of the end of the Cold War.