Gerichtlicher Freispruch wegen Finanzvergehens stets nur Unzuständigkeitsurteil

Jeder von einem Strafgericht gef?llte Freispruch vom Vorwurf eines Finanzvergehens ist als Freispruch wegen Unzust?ndigkeit nach § 214 FinStrG aufzufassen. Die § 259 StPO erg?nzende Sonderbestimmung des § 214 FinStrG hat den Zweck, einen – sonst unzul?ssigen – Subsumtionsfreispruch in Betreff einer m?glicherweise echt idealkonkurrierenden, jedoch in die Zust?ndigkeit der Finanzbeh?rde fallenden strafbaren Handlung und damit eine Fortsetzung des Finanzstrafverfahrens durch diese zu erm?glichen, indem klargestellt wird, dass der Angeklagte wegen dieses Aspekts ein- und derselben Tat iSd Art 4 des 7. ZPMRK weder verurteilt noch freigesprochen wurde.     

细胞凋亡参与脑心综合征心肌损伤及针刺干预作用

目的 观察心肌细胞凋亡在脑心综合征(cerebral-cardiac syndrome,CCS)发病中的作用机制及针刺的干预作用。方法 从60只健康SD大鼠中随机选择10只作为伪手术组,其余50只用于CCS模型复制,从模型复制成功的大鼠中随机选取30只,分成模型组、针刺组和非经非穴组,每组10只。采用胶原酶加肝素联合注射大鼠尾状核方法复制CCS模型,伪手术组向大鼠尾状核注入等量生理盐水。模型复制后72 h处死动物,分别采用苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin-eosin,HE）染色、脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling,TUNEL)和免疫组织化学法检测心肌组织病理变化、细胞凋亡及半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3(Caspase 3)的表达。结果 HE染色示伪手术组心肌结构正常,模型组心肌细胞变性、坏死,大量平滑肌断裂;TUNEL及免疫组织化学染色提示模型组出现较多凋亡细胞,Caspase 3大量表达,针刺组TUNEL染色阳性细胞和Caspase 3阳性细胞均较模型组和非经非穴组显著减少(P<0.01)。结论 心肌细胞凋亡参与了CCS大鼠心肌损伤,其机制可能与上调凋亡蛋白酶Caspase 3表达有关,而针刺可拮抗CCS大鼠心肌组织细胞凋亡。     

基于16S rDNA测序技术探索白头翁汤灌肠对湿热型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的 采用不同剂量白头翁汤对比美沙拉嗪干预治疗湿热型溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis,UC）大鼠,观察肠道菌群是否参与了UC的发病过程及药物治疗前后肠道菌群的变化情况。方法 随机将62只SD健康雄性大鼠分为正常组,模型组,白头翁汤低、中、高剂量组和美沙拉嗪组,其中正常组12只,其余各组10只。采用三硝基苯磺酸/乙醇复合法复制UC大鼠模型。模型复制成功后,白头翁汤低、中、高剂量组分别以白头翁汤每日2.15、4.31、8.62 g/kg灌肠,美沙拉嗪组予以美沙拉嗪灌肠液每日0.35 g/kg灌肠,正常组和模型组予以生理盐水灌肠,连续给药14 d。治疗结束后观察各组大鼠一般情况和疾病活动指数,光镜下观察结肠病理变化,并收集大鼠结肠新鲜的粪便,提取粪便微生物DNA,测序及分析PCR扩增基因组DNA,采用Miseq平台测序。结果 ①与模型组相比,白头翁汤各剂量组和美沙拉嗪组体质量逐渐回升,便血及腹泻次数减少。②与模型组比较,白头翁汤各剂量组、美沙拉嗪组疾病活动指数评分明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。③模型组大鼠菌群丰度、多样性均降低,白头翁汤及美沙拉嗪治疗后菌群丰度及多样性均有提升。④模型组大鼠厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门比值较正常组升高,白头翁汤和美沙拉嗪治疗后二者比值回调。⑤在菌群构成方面,UC大鼠较正常大鼠具有较低的普氏菌属、乳杆菌属生物丰度,白头翁汤和美沙拉嗪治疗后可回调普氏菌属、乳杆菌属益生菌丰度。结论 肠道菌群参与了UC的发病过程,白头翁汤和美沙拉嗪可能通过调节肠道益生菌而起到对于疾病的治疗作用。     

Forensic Identification of Seal Oils Using Lipid Profiles and Statistical Models

Seal blubber oils are used as a source of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Canada but prohibited in the United States and (FA) European Union. Thus, a reliable method is needed to identify oils originating from seals versus fish. Two lipid profiling methods, fatty acid analysis using gas chromatography and triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, were applied with statistical models to discriminate commercial oils and blubber samples harvested from marine fish and seals. Significant differences were observed among FA profiles, and seal samples differed from each of the fish oils (p ≤ 0.001). FA and TAG profiles were used to discriminate sample groups using a random forest classifier; all samples were classified correctly as seals versus fish using both methods. We propose a two‐step method for the accurate identification of seal oils, with preliminary identification based on FA profile analysis and confirmation with TAG profiles.     

Alcohol and Parasomnias: The Statistical Evaluation of the Parasomnia Defense in Sexual Assault,Where Alcohol is Involved

Sleep sex may be a defense for alleged sexual assault. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD3) states: “Disorders of arousal should not be diagnosed in the presence of alcohol intoxication… The former [alcohol blackouts] are exponentially more prevalent.” A panel member of ICSD3, quoting ICSD3 asserts: “alcohol intoxication should rule out a sleep-walking defense”. This implies extremely strong support for a prosecution hypothesis (H_p) over a defense hypothesis (H_d). I use Bayesian methodology to evaluate the evidential probity of alcohol intoxication. The likelihood ratio, LR, measures the amplification of prior odds of guilt, . By Bayes' theorem, . I use data from cross-sectional studies of sexual assault and prevalence of alcohol use, in college students, with data from longitudinal studies, and data from the epidemiology of parasomnias to evaluate LR (alcohol). LR ~1.5 or 5, depending whether alcohol does, or does not, increase the risk of parasomnias. The proposition of extremely strong support for H_p implies a LR ~1,000,000, so the proposition in ICSD3 is not supported by formal analysis. The statistical reasoning in ICSD3 is unclear. There appears to be inversion of the Bayesian conditional (confusing intoxication given assault, and assault given intoxication) and failure to evaluate alcohol intoxication in H_d. Similar statistical errors in R. v Sally Clark are discussed. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine should review the statistical methodology in ICSD3.     

A Bridge in Flux: Narratives and the Policy Process in the Pacific Northwest

Policy narratives play an important role in the policy process. Often policy narratives originate from advocacy coalitions seeking increased support from the public for their policy stance. Although most Narrative Policy Framework studies have focused on national policy issues, this study examines a state and local economic development project by exploring the policy narratives from competing coalitions in favor and opposed to the project. Specifically, in the Portland–Vancouver area of Oregon and Washington, local policy discussions have been dominated by a proposal for a new mega bridge on Interstate‐5 connecting the two cities across the Columbia River. A new government agency (CRC—Columbia River Crossing) was formed for the implementation of this project. Upon approval of a proposal, CRC experienced heavy backlash from citizens, local businesses, community leaders, and other stakeholders leading to the formation of two competing coalitions in opposition and support of the bridge. This study, using content analysis of 370 public documents, finds that competing coalitions utilize policy narratives in strategic ways to characterize the opposing coalition, themselves, and other actors in the policy subsystem. This study also suggests that the strength and cohesion of a coalition's narrative contributes to its policy success and the winning/losing status of a coalition potentially determines the types of strategies they will use. Last, this study introduces and tests a new narrative strategy called the impotent shift testing a coalition's strategic use of the victim character.     

Government Promotion of Corporate Social Responsibility: Evidence from the EU Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme

Governments play an active role in promoting corporate social responsibility and specifically environmental management system (EMS) programs, but few studies have examined the impact of such support on the decision of businesses to adopt EMS programs. We ask two questions in this paper: how does government support for EMS programs affect adoption of such programs? Second, what effect does this government support have on the pace of adoption of such programs? The answer to the first question can reveal how effective government programs are in boosting membership in EMS programs. The answer to the second reveals to what extent businesses within EU member states are converging upon particular EMS standards. We examine these questions in the context of the European Union’s Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), 2010–2014. There is significant variation in government support of EMAS across the EU and at the same time, EMAS competes for business attention with the more established ISO 14001. Our quantitative and qualitative analyses therefore reveal the effectiveness of government programs in boosting adoption, but also to the extent to which such programs cause convergence upon EMAS in the face of a competing standard such as ISO 14001.     

被盗文物跨国流转所有权争议法律适用规则探讨——兼论《涉外民事关系法律适用法》第37条

文物由于具有稀缺性被视为保值增值的上佳投资品,因而其跨国流转日益频繁,不过其中相当一部分是被盗掘或盗窃后进八国际市场交易。不法分子利用各国所有权取得的种种歧异的规定,将非法获取文物的所有权“漂白”后转手给善意购买人,而最后的纠纷往往在原始所有人与善意购买人间发生。在相关国际公约在解决此类纠纷存在不足的情况下,应从国际私法法律适用的角度探讨解决上述问题的现实可行的方法,即：扬弃“物之所在地法”既有原则,引入文物最初来源地法,在平衡各方利益的基础上形成一套更具灵活性和综合性考量的法律适用方法。     

十六大以来中央领导集体党建理论的新发展

十六大以来,以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央坚持以马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想为指导,在党的建设问题上进行新的探索,及时总结党建新经验,取得了一系列重大的理论成果。     

Determination of an effective housekeeping gene for the quantification of mRNA for forensic applications

The potential application of mRNA for the identification of biological fluids using molecular techniques has been a recent development in forensic serology. Constitutively expressed housekeeping genes can assess the amount of mRNA recovered from a sample, establish its suitability for downstream applications, and provide a reference point to corroborate the identity of the fluid. qPCR was utilized to compare the expression levels of housekeeping genes from forensic-like body fluid stains to establish the most appropriate assessment of human mRNA quantity prior to profiling. Although variability was observed between fluids and individuals, results indicated that beta-2 microglobulin exhibited the highest expression for all body fluids examined and across donors. A one-way analysis of variance was performed for housekeeping gene variability between donors (at the α, 0.05, significance level), and the results indicated significant differences for semen, vaginal secretions, and menstrual blood.