An accuracy assessment of forensic computerized facial reconstruction employing cone-beam computed tomography from live subjects

The utilization of 3D computerized systems has allowed more effective procedures for forensic facial reconstruction. Three 3D computerized facial reconstructions were produced using skull models from live adult Korean subjects to assess facial morphology prediction accuracy. The 3D skeletal and facial data were recorded from the subjects in an upright position using a cone-beam CT scanner. Shell-to-shell deviation maps were created using 3D surface comparison software, and the deviation errors between the reconstructed and target faces were measured. Results showed that 54%, 65%, and 77% of the three facial reconstruction surfaces had <2.5 mm of error when compared to the relevant target face. The average error for each reconstruction was -0.46 mm (SD = 2.81) for A, -0.31 mm (SD = 2.40) for B, and -0.49 mm (SD = 2.16) for C. The facial features of the reconstructions demonstrated good levels of accuracy compared to the target faces.     

Alcohol dependence and criminal behavior: preliminary results of an association study of environmental and genetic factors in an italian male population

The aim of this study is to propose an innovative approach evaluating the connection between alcohol use disorders and criminal behavior. The research, structured as a case–control study, was based on the analysis of environmental (social variables) and genetic factors (single nucleotide polymorphisms of glutamic acid decarboxylase) in a population (N = 173) of Italian alcohol‐dependent men. Group 1 (N = 47, convicted subjects) was compared with Group 2 (N = 126, no previous criminal conduct). Grade repetition, work problems, and drug problems were statistically associated with criminal behavior. Having daily family meals together and having children were inversely related to convictions. The genotype distribution of the two groups was similar. The association between environmental factors and antisocial behavior confirms previous findings in the literature. The lack of genetic association does not exclude the role of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in determining antisocial behavior; further studies with larger samples are needed, together with investigation of other components of the GABA pathway.     

A search for obligatory paternal alleles in a DNA database to find an alleged rapist in a fatherless paternity case

Abstract: A sexual assault case resulted in a pregnancy, which was subsequently aborted. The alleged father of the fetus was unknown. Maternal and fetal types were obtained using the 11‐locus AmpF?STR^® SGM Plus^® kit. The national DNA database was searched for the paternal obligatory alleles and detected two suspects who could not be excluded as father of the male fetus. Additional typing using the AmpF?STR^® Minifiler^? kit, containing three additional autosomal loci, was not sufficient to exclude either suspect. Subsequent typing using the PowerPlex^® 16, containing four additional loci, and Y‐Filer^? kits resulted in excluding one suspect. Searching a database for paternal obligatory alleles can be fruitful, but is fraught with possible false positive results so that finding a match must be taken as only preliminary evidence.     

腹腔连续注射低剂量氯胺酮后大鼠海马LC3和Beclin1的表达

目的研究腹腔连续注射低剂量氯胺酮后大鼠海马自噬相关蛋白LC3、Beclin1的表达及其意义。方法 SD大鼠30只随机分为用药组和对照组,用药组大鼠以5mg/kg的剂量腹腔注射氯胺酮,每间隔30min 1次,共5次。对照组予以等量生理盐水。用药组大鼠按用药后时间不同分为6小组,分别于末次给药后1,3,6,12,24,48h后取海马组织备用,用免疫荧光技术和Western blot技术检测大鼠海马组织中LC3、Beclin1的表达,应用统计学处理,比较用药组与对照组的蛋白表达差异。结果与对照组比较,用药组大鼠海马组织中LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ值在1h表达开始增多,6h呈强表达,Beclinl的表达在6h开始增多,12,24,48h都呈强表达(P<0.05)。结论腹腔连续注射低剂量氯胺酮能促进海马组织发生自噬,自噬增强是对氯胺酮毒性的反应。     

Evaluation of photometric stereo and elastomeric sensor imaging for the non-destructive 3D analysis of questioned documents – A pilot study

Photometric Stereo and Elastomeric Sensor Imaging were assessed for measuring the 3-dimensional (3D) morphology of questioned document samples. Photometric stereo is shown to be a powerful non-contact technique for revealing micron level detail of the samples examined. Elastomeric Sensor Imaging is shown to complement photometric stereo by yielding equivalent results. Additionally, this technique allows quantification of the morphological depth information. The techniques were applied to 2 different types of questioned document sample. Firstly, written signatures were examined. Both techniques were able to reveal characteristic features that could be used to infer stroke direction and ink line application sequence. Secondly toner/ink intersections were examined. Both techniques allowed visualisation of 3D features which were used to infer the sequence of application.     

一六大以来党内民主制度发展历程及经验总结——基于党章修改的视角

党内民主是党的生命,党内民主从根本上讲是制度民主,也即党的代表大会制度、党的委员会制度、党内监督制度、党内选举制度、党员权利保障制度的发展完善。党章是党的根本大法,其修改过程必然呈现出党内民主的发展历程。十六大以来党内民主建设进入新阶段,发掘这一阶段党内民主建设规律可以总结如下三点经验：程序细化使民主制度成为现实,形式创新为民主发展增添活力,循序渐进确保民主建设有序推进。     

地面三维激光扫描在交通事故勘查及重建中的应用进展

本文回顾了地面三维激光扫描技术的发展历程和应用场景,简要阐述了地面三维激光扫描系统的技术原理和作业流程,对地面三维激光扫描技术在交通事故领域的应用进行分类,并详细梳理了各类别下的最新研究成果与实例,结合交通事故勘查和重建发展需求,探讨了目前存在的问题和未来发展方向。     

The use of Hemastix® severely reduces DNA recovery using the BioRobot® EZ1

Abstract: The choice of reagents for presumptive tests for blood, and subsequent extraction methodologies, can significantly affect both the quantity and quality of purified DNA. Blood samples directly tested with Hemastix^® yielded <1% of the DNA recovered from untested samples when purified using the Qiagen BioRobot^® EZ1 and EZ1^® DNA Investigator kit. Full short tandem repeat profiles were obtained from both tested and untested samples, suggesting that the Hemastix^® reagent(s) affect DNA binding, rather than produce DNA damage. The Hemastix^® inhibition of DNA yield could be overcome by the addition of MTL buffer to the sample prior to extraction. Laboratories may wish to modify current procedures for extracting blood samples, utilize other extraction/purification methodologies, or inform their submitting agencies to avoid direct exposure of questioned bloodstains to Hemastix^® reagents.     

耻骨年龄推断方法的研究进展

在法医实践中,利用耻骨联合推断年龄的方法得到了广泛应用和不断发展。从实体形态观察到影像资料分析,国内外学者通过不懈努力取得了一系列的研究成果,并不断探寻着更为精确便捷的推断方法。螺旋CT三维重建技术在法医学上具有广阔的应用前景,为耻骨年龄推断开辟了新的方向。本文综述了国内外研究耻骨联合与年龄关系的常见方法,展望了耻骨年龄推断的发展方向。