Exploring Aggregate vs. Relative Public Trust in Administrative Agencies that Manage Spent Nuclear Fuel in the United States

Trust is a key component of democratic decision‐making and becomes even more salient in highly technical policy areas, where the public relies heavily on experts for decision making and on the information provided by federal agencies. Research to date has not examined whether the members of the public place different levels of trust in the various agencies that operate within the same policy subsystem, especially in a highly technical subsystem such as that of nuclear energy and waste management. This paper explores public trust in multiple agencies operating within the same subsystem, trust in each agency relative to aggregate trust across agencies that operate within the nuclear waste subsystem, and trust in alternative agencies that have been suggested as possible players in the decision‐making process. We find that trust accorded to different federal agencies within the nuclear waste subsystem varies. The variation in trust is systematically associated with multiple factors, including basic trust in government, perceptions about the risks and benefits of nuclear energy/waste management, party identification, and education. These findings have significant implications for research on public trust in specific government agencies, alternative policy entities, and for policy makers who want to design robust and successful policies and programs in highly technical policy domains.     

Competing Policy Windows in Biotechnology: The FDA,the 21st Century Cures Act,and Laboratory‐Developed Tests

In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed taking a more active role in the regulation of laboratory‐developed tests (LDTs). Meanwhile, the U.S. House of Representatives embarked upon the 21st Century Cures initiative to develop legislation to expedite the development of new biotechnology innovations. During that initiative and in the public comments responding to the draft guidance, there was significant disagreement as to whether the increased FDA regulation of LDTs was beneficial or detrimental to biotechnology. Both the FDA guidance document and the 21st Century Cures Act came about due to the opening of a window of opportunity created by the convergence of circumstances. The question is whether the windows of opportunity are competing and how to resolve this competition. This study will investigate these questions through a qualitative case study. It will also provide recommendations for resolving policy disputes involving wicked problems like biotechnology policy.     

良性互动:中国NGO与政府关系的发展趋势

改革开放以后,我国NGO的大量出现,使之正在成为社会经济发展中的一支重要力量,但是,由于NGO是公民社会发展的产物,而我国公民社会发展尚欠发达,需要政府培育和发展NGO,以便使他们提供有效的社会服务。因此,当前中国政府与NGO的关系应该如何互动,如何发展,是一个关键问题。     

托幼公共服务政策量化评价与优化建议——基于PMC指数模型分析

在全面两孩和未来更宽松的生育政策背景下，国家连续出台政策发展学龄前教育和照护服务，推动托幼公共服务发展。研究发现，政策质量总体较好，完美级2项，优秀级16项，可接受级13项；政策方向明确，已从过去单纯的重视教育逐步转向注重服务。然而，政策内部分化明显，对托幼公共服务供需失衡问题的回应较少。为进一步优化政策，建议：理念先行，通过政策立法明确政府与社会在托幼公共服务中应尽的责任；区别对待，明确0-3岁婴幼儿与3-6岁幼儿的不同政策需求；找准方法，运用资源整合策略为托幼公共服务供需平衡创造有利政策条件；权衡效果，锁定国家对家庭照顾功能的补充特性。     

Mating (marriage) patterns and economic development

This paper looks at the relationship between economic development and mating (marriage) patterns in the very long run. For this purpose we introduce the Goldin and the Kuznets curves which relate female labour and income inequality with economic development respectively. To some extent, the Goldin and the Kuznets curves have followed opposite paths, which in turn, could illustrate how economic development has had an impact on mating (marriage) patterns, and thus household formation. The likely convergence in mating patterns among hunter–gatherers across societies vanished after the Neolithic revolution. Then, African polygyny and the ‘European’ marriage pattern developed into the most significant exceptions to the traditional dictate of nature “…an early attachment to one woman” (Malthus, 1798: pp. 15). Nowadays, monogamy and late attachments have become the norm rather than an exception.     

利用软路由实现网络流量控制

P2P技术给互联网带来了巨大的变化,它大大的拓展了网络的应用范围,但它的过度使用也占用了大量的带宽资源,影响到局域网中其他用户的正常网络应用,必须对其进行必要的限制。本文重点探讨如何利用软件路由器来实现局域网内部的流量控制,达到带宽资源的合理均衡分配。     

IDEF0方法在现代人事行政考核中的应用

IDEF(ICAM Ddfinition meth0ds)方法能从复杂系统的功能、信息、对象等不同角度进行建模分析,有利于迅速确定复杂系统的主要特征,具有准确性和精确性的优点.在现代人事行政考核中应用IDEF0方法,通过系统方法、建模手段和规定的图形符号和技术语言的运用,从考核的功能、主体、对象、信息、机制等不同角度,按照考核系统自顶向下、考核要素逐层分解的方法来建立系统功能模型,能进一步提高考核的系统化、模式化的程度,增强考核的信度和效度,为落实正确的政绩观提供技术支持和保证.