Development of a Novel Finger-Trigger Interface for Trigger Pull Measurement

Trigger pull is the force that needs to be exerted on the trigger to discharge a firearm. The measurement of trigger pull can assist in the evaluation of the safety, function, and manufacturing characteristics associated with a firearm during the forensic firearm examination process. Nonetheless, the accuracy and uncertainty of trigger pull measurements may be affected by the measuring device, test procedure, and environmental conditions. In this work, an innovative finger-trigger interface device was developed to facilitate accurate trigger pull measurements. The idea was to reduce the variation related to the position of the measurement device on the trigger in existing measuring methods and devices. Three force sensors based on different technologies were initially evaluated. While two of the three sensors failed to produce data, the miniature capacitive plate sensor exhibited high precision and a linear response over the range of typical trigger pulls. To examine the effects of the finger-trigger interface on trigger pull measurement, different sensor housing prototypes were designed in silico and 3D printed for the construction of three finger-trigger interface devices. The performance of each finger-trigger interface device was evaluated by measuring the trigger pulls of several selected firearms and comparing the data to a previously published study. Our preliminary results demonstrated the novel finger-trigger interface device offered a new way to measure trigger pull in situ with acceptable accuracy and precision.     

Sample Mining and Data Mining: Combined Real-Time and Retrospective Approaches for the Identification of Emerging Novel Psychoactive Substances

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are synthetic drugs that pose serious public health and safety concerns. A multitude of NPS have been identified in the United States, often implicated in forensic investigations. The most common and effective manner for identifying NPS is by use of mass spectrometry and the true utility lies within nontargeted acquisition techniques. During this study, a liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) assay was developed, validated, and implemented for forensic toxicology testing. A SCIEX TripleTOF™ 5600 + with SWATH^® acquisition was used. Resulting data were compared against an extensive library database containing more than 800 compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS assay was applied to the reanalysis of biological sample extracts to discover emergent NPS. More than 3,000 sample extracts were analyzed, and more than 20 emerging NPS were detected for the first time. Among these were isopropyl-U-47700, 3,4-methylenedioxy-U-47700, fluorofuranylfentanyl, N-methyl norfentanyl, 2F-deschloroketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-PHP, eutylone, and N-ethyl hexedrone.     

Regionalisierung und Dezentralisierung in Mittel- und Südosteuropa 1997–2007

The review essay takes stock of the last decade of decentralisation and regionalisation research in Central and South Eastern Europe. Classifying the existing scholarship with regard to its focus of analysis, its explanatory programme, and methodological predilections, we suggest to distinguish three different agendas: system transformation, EU conditionality and subnational governance. We argue that scholarly interest in regionalisation and decentralisation issues from the perspective of state transformation or Europeanisation is vanishing. Instead, we witness the emergence of a subnational governance approach which is rooted in comparative politics and policy analysis. The debate about decentralisation and regionalisation in CEEC is thus in a process of “normalising” and converging with the Western European subnational political discourse.     

鸡白细胞介素-2受体基因γ链的转录分析与表达

以脾单个核细胞总RNA为模板,对鸡白细胞介素-2受体基因γ链(chIL-2Rγ)进行了RT-PCR,获得了一1 047 bp的开放阅读框,编码由348个氨基酸残基组成的分子质量为37.8 ku的蛋白多肽。预测的鸡IL-2Rγ多肽链中包含4个保守半胱氨酸残基、1个WSXWS基序和7个N连接的糖基化位点。鸡IL-2Rγ与其他动物IL-2Rγ在氨基酸水平上的同源性仅为21.4%~38.2%。RT-PCR检测发现,鸡IL-2RγmRNA分布于大脑、小脑、脊髓、腔上囊、脾、胸腺、骨髓、盲肠扁桃体、腺胃、肌胃、空肠、卵黄囊憩室、回肠、盲肠、直肠、心脏、肾、肺、肝、骨骼肌和皮肤,而在十二指肠和睾丸中没有检测到其转录。构建了鸡IL-2Rγ胞外区的原核重组表达载体,进行了表达和鉴定。     

叶下珠水提物对裸鼠人肝癌移植瘤HBx和VEGFR3表达的影响

目的 探讨乙型肝炎病毒x基因（hepatitis B virux x gene, HBx）和血管内皮生长因子受体3（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3, VEGFR3）基因与乙型肝炎相关肝癌的相关性,以及叶下株水提物（aqueous extract of phyllanthus urinaria L, AEP）对HBx和VEGFR3蛋白表达的干预作用。方法 将60只Balb/c-nu裸鼠随机分为10组。分别复制转染HBx、氯霉素乙酞转移酶（chloramphenicol acetyltransferase,CAT）和VEGFR3基因的HepG2肝癌细胞的裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,用AEP进行干预,以生理盐水、环磷酰胺（cyclophosphamide,CTX）作为对照,共治疗6周。观察模型复制后不同时间各组裸鼠的移植瘤生长状况,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组裸鼠血清甲胎蛋白（alpha fetal protein, AFP）水平,采用Western blot方法检测移植瘤组织中HBx和VEGFR3蛋白表达水平。结果 肝癌移植瘤模型复制成功。各组裸鼠体质量均随着时间显著增长。实验结束时,接种HepG2-HBx细胞的各组中,AEP处理组肿瘤质量显著低于CTX处理组（P＜0.05）,其AFP水平显著高于NS处理组（P<0.05）,其移植瘤组织中HBx表达水平显著低于NS组（P<0.05）。接种相同肝癌细胞的各组中,AEP处理组VEGFR3表达水平最低,但与CTX组VEGFR3表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;AEP组和CTX组VEGFR3表达水平显著低于NS组（P＜0.05）。对于相同的处理因素,接种HepG-HBx细胞和HepG-CAT细胞的裸鼠移植瘤组织中VEGFR3表达水平均显著低于接种HepG-VEGFR3细胞的裸鼠（P＜0.01）。结论 AEP通过直接抑制HBx蛋白和VEGFR3蛋白表达,及通过抑制HBx蛋白表达而间接抑制VEGFR3蛋白表达,达到对肝癌移植瘤生长的抑制作用。     

甲基安非他命（冰毒）诱导基因表达变化研究进展

甲基安非他命进入机体后,其最根本的变化是引起了成瘾者许多基因转录和表达改变。这些基因包括与神经元损害有关的基因、与日节律有关的基因、与行为异常有关的基因及其它一些无法分类的基因。它们基因转录和表达水平增高或者降低引起了甲基安非他命成瘾者各种临床表现。研究这些基因表达可以为法医学鉴定提供依据。     

华东地区汉族人群D2S1399和D5S2500基因座的遗传多态性研究

目的研究D2S1399和D5S2500基因座在中国华东地区汉族群体遗传多态性。方法应用PCR、聚丙烯酰胺垂直电泳及银染技术检测D2S1399和D5S2500基因座的遗传多态性。结果D2S1399和D5S2500基因座在中国华东汉族群体分别检出11个和9个等位基因,其观察杂合度(Ho)分别为0.745和0.807,多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.850和0.750,个体识别能力(DP)分别为0.958和0.917,非父排除率(PE)分别为0.554和0.643。结论D2S1399和D5S2500两个基因座是高度多态性STR基因座,在法医学中有重要应用价值。     

学习“三个代表”的重要思想坚持全心全意依靠工人阶级的指导方针

江泽民同志提出的"三个代表",深刻揭示了在建设有中国特色的社会主义的整个历史进程中,党要始终不渝地坚持全心全意依靠工人阶级指导方针的历史必然性,既是对马克思主义党建理论的继承和发展,也是对马克思主义工运理论的继承和发展.     

壮族人群3个STR基因座基因频率分布及其法医学应用

研究3个STR基因座（D21S11、HumFGA、D19S253）在广西壮族人群中的基因频率分布及其在实际检案中的应用价值。以自制等位基因Ladder样品作为标准对照,用PCR结合PAGE技术对3个STR基因座的扩增产物进行分型。结果显示：D21S11基因座有14个等位基因,有44个基因型;HumFGA基因座有15个等位基因,40个基因型;D195253基因座有9个等位基因,23个基因型。经检验,3个STR基因座基因型分布均符合Hardy－Weinberg平衡,累计个体识别力（DP）为0．9995。3个STR基因座在壮族人群属高识别力遗传标记系统,在法医学个体识别及亲权鉴定方面有重要价值。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒北京分离株的ORF7克隆与序列分析

将北京地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ） 分离株ＢＪ２ 和ＢＪ４ 的ＯＲＦ ７ 及部分３’端非编码区（ ＵＴＲ） 的ＲＴＰＣＲ 扩增产物克隆连接于ｐ ＧＥＭＴｅａｓｙ 质粒载体上,重组质粒经ＥｃｏＲ Ⅰ酶切鉴定后进行了双链测序。测定的基因序列与欧美标准毒株已知序列比较发现,ＢＪ２ 和ＢＪ４ 株与美洲ＶＲ２３３２ 株非常接近,在其长度为５５５ ｂｐ 的ｃＤＮＡ 序列中,仅与ＶＲ２３３２ 株分别相差１ 和２ 个核苷酸,其中ＯＲＦ ７ 的核苷酸序列与ＶＲ２３３２ 株同源性分别高达１００ ％ 和９９ ．４６ ％ ,其推导的氨基酸序列与ＶＲ２３３２ 株同源性分别为１００ ％ 和９９ ．２５ ％ ,３’ＵＴＲ 则完全相同;而与欧洲ＬＶ 株则有明显差异,其核苷酸序列同源性仅为６８ ．００ ％ 和６７ ．００ ％ ,推测的氨基酸序列同源性仅有６５ ．００ ％ 和６４ ．００ ％ ,且ＢＪ２ 和ＢＪ４ 株与ＬＶ 株相比缺失了ＫＫＳＴＡＰＭ 和ＡＳＱＧ 两段氨基酸序列,而３’ＵＴＲ 则比ＬＶ 株多出３８ ｎｔ 的一段特征性核苷酸序列。序列分析结果表明,ＢＪ２ 和ＢＪ４ 株属于同一基因型,且具有ＶＲ２３３２ 株的基因特点