Does the Prior Application of the Field Kit Bullet Hole Testing Kit 3 on a Suspected Bullet Hole Bias the Analysis of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry?

Forensic ballistics is the study of bullet trajectory and consists of determining gunshot residue (GSR) to identify bullet holes. Among several highly sensitive methods, atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) is employed to analyze GSR in the laboratory. However, it is sometimes necessary to identify bullet holes immediately at a crime scene. The purpose of this examination was to determine whether the use of the field test Bullet Hole Testing Kit 3 (BTK3) on a suspected bullet hole would influence the outcome of AAS‐analysis: Three commonly encountered firearms (Glock17, Tokarev, and Colt) were fired at skin, wood, and cloth. AAS‐analysis was performed with and without previous BTK3 application. The results clearly indicate that there is no significant interaction on the grounds of BTK3 use (BTK3 vs. no‐BTK3 [kit_nokit] [Pb: p = 0.1309; Sb: p = 0.9111], material*kit_nokit [Pb: p = 0.5960; Sb: p = 0.9930], distance*kit_nokit [Pb: p = 0.4014; Sb: p = 0.9184], and firearm type*kit_nokit [Pb: p = 0.9662; Sb: p = 0.9885]); hence, applying this field kit does not falsify later AAS outcomes.     

False‐Positive Results with Amylase Testing of Citrus Fruits

In a case of robbery in which the criminals passed through the garden adorned with calamondin trees (Citrus madurensis), the investigators found in the grass six calamondin fruits, some undamaged, while others apparently bitten. The fruits were collected and sent to the laboratory for DNA analysis to verify the presence of saliva and robbers' DNA profile. A specific immunochromatographic strip test for saliva confirmed the presence of human salivary α‐amylase, but similar positive results were also observed for intact calamondin and other citrus fruits. Further analysis with a specific automated amylase test confirmed the absence of amylase activity. DNA quantification and typing using a specific forensic kit revealed no human DNA presence in any fruits. This case report demonstrates for the first time the occurrence of false positives when human saliva is sought on citrus fruits.     

大鼠皮质神经细胞缺氧缺糖损伤后MAP-2表达变化规律

目的观察原代培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞缺氧缺糖（OGD）损伤24h内的形态学及微管相关蛋白2（MAP-2）表达变化。方法使用出生1-2d的Wistar大鼠,取大脑皮质神经细胞进行原代培养,用连二亚硫酸钠加低糖培养基制作神经细胞OGD损伤模型,损伤后应用倒置显微镜观察形态学变化,Western印迹法观察MAP-2蛋白表达变化。结果原代培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞OGD损伤后1h,少数神经细胞突起缩短;伤后6-12h神经细胞胞体明显皱缩,多数细胞突起缩短或消失;伤后24h神经细胞形态部分恢复,部分突起重新出现。Western印迹法显示,MAP-2在神经细胞OGD损伤后1h表达降低,伤后12h达低谷,24h表达升高。结论 OGD损伤后,原代培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞的形态及MAP-2表达随时间呈现一定的规律性变化。     

抗人同种异型G2m(23)单克隆抗体研制及特异性鉴定

本文用快速液相色谱（FPLC）从G2m（23）阳性人血浆中纯化出IgG2蛋白，免疫BALB/c小鼠，建立了一株分泌抗人G2m（23）单克隆抗体的细胞株，定名为2G8。经抑制ELISA，双抗体ELISA及斑点ELISA分析，证明2G8抗体具有G2m（23）单一特异性。     

广西断奶仔猪猪圆环病毒2型的检测

对广西 16个养猪场的 2 2份断奶仔猪病料用PCR技术检测猪圆环病毒 2型 (PCV 2 ) ,对阳性病料进一步检测猪瘟病毒、猪生殖和呼吸系统综合征病毒、伪狂犬病病毒及细菌性病原。结果 ,从南宁市郊某猪场表现衰弱症状的病猪病料中检测出PCV 2 ,而这些病料没有检出猪瘟病毒、猪生殖和呼吸系统综合征病毒、伪狂犬病病毒及可疑细菌 ,证实广西存在PCV 2引起的断奶仔猪多系统衰弱综合征 (PMWS)。     

A preliminary study into the impact of using three-dimensional models in forensic anthropology learning and teaching

Forensic anthropology has traditionally relied on two-dimensional (2D) images, such as photographs and sketches, to perform analyses, and disseminate findings. However, as 3D imaging technology advances, it has become more widely implemented into forensic anthropology analysis and practice. Teaching and learning in forensic anthropology still often relies on 2D images, but increasingly three-dimensional (3D) models are available to be used by students training in anatomy and osteology. Additionally, 3D models have been found to be beneficial to comprehension in other contexts within forensic anthropology, such as in the courtroom. The use of these models in the teaching of forensic anthropology is not yet widely implemented and more importantly, the impact on learning is not yet understood. The use of 3D imaging and visualisation in other educational contexts has seen positive results, for example in medical training. To explore this further, a study was conducted using an online activity to compare the comprehension scores of students educated using 2D textbook style images or 3D models on Sketchfab. The results showed that the use of 3D images was not detrimental to comprehension. Students using the 3D models were more consistent in their performance and reported an increase in confidence regardless of prior experience. The results of this study are of particular importance when distance learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic which means that students cannot always learn in a laboratory environment.     

Organized elite power and clean energy: A study of negative policy experimentations with renewable portfolio standards

Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS) is one of the most widely adopted clean energy policies in the U.S. However, organized elite power groups, backed by ample political and economic resources, have been known to lead RPS termination efforts. In the context of state renewable energy politics, organized elite power includes legislators affiliated with American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and anti-renewable energy business groups. Focusing on the roles of organized elite power, this study investigates the drivers of the formulation of RPS rollback (goal freeze) and termination bills, which we refer to collectively as negative policy experimentations. We find that RPS termination attempts are explained by the presence of ALEC legislators and anti-renewable energy business groups, whereas RPS goal freeze bills are better explained by conditions of policy operations. This study contributes to the policy process theory by providing critical insights into the post adoption decisions, including policy termination and rollback legislations, with a focus on the role of organized elite power.     

P2P网络借贷诉讼的程序选择与适用

网络借贷由于具有交易手续便捷、贷款门槛低和操作灵活等特点,可以满足小微企业和个人的资金需求,提高社会闲散资金的利用率,因此在短时间内获得了较快的发展。按照P2P公司是否为贷款者提供担保为标准,可初步将所有的P2P网络贷款业务分成无抵押无担保、无抵押有担保以及有抵押有担保三种类型。在每一种类型中,由于民事主体间所涉法律关系的不同,导致了纷争发生后各主体维护自身权益方式的差异,决定了因P2P网络贷款引发的纷争所适用诉讼程序的迥然有异。     

Evaluating detection error trade-offs for bytewise approximate matching algorithms

Bytewise approximate matching is a relatively new area within digital forensics, but its importance is growing quickly as practitioners are looking for fast methods to analyze the increasing amounts of data in forensic investigations. The essential idea is to complement the use of cryptographic hash functions to detect data objects with bytewise identical representation with the capability to find objects with bytewise similar representations.Unlike cryptographic hash functions, which have been studied and tested for a long time, approximate matching ones are still in their early development stages, and have been evaluated in a somewhat ad-hoc manner. Recently, the FRASH testing framework has been proposed as a vehicle for developing a set of standardized tests for approximate matching algorithms; the aim is to provide a useful guide for understanding and comparing the absolute and relative performance of different algorithms.The contribution of this work is twofold: a) expand FRASH with automated tests for quantifying approximate matching algorithm behavior with respect to precision and recall; and b) present a case study of two algorithms already in use–sdhash and ssdeep.