新世纪的政治宣言和行动纲领

党的十六大提出全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想,继往开来,与时俱进,全面建设小康社会,加强和改进党的建设,这是新世纪我们党的政治宣言和行动纲领。     

Genetics and genomics of core short tandem repeat loci used in human identity testing

Over the past decade, the human identity testing community has settled on a set of core short tandem repeat (STR) loci that are widely used for DNA typing applications. A variety of commercial kits enable robust amplification of these core STR loci. A brief history is presented regarding the selection of core autosomal and Y-chromosomal STR markers. The physical location of each STR locus in the human genome is delineated and allele ranges and variants observed in human populations are summarized as are mutation rates observed from parentage testing. Internet resources for additional information on core STR loci are reviewed. Additional topics are also discussed, including potential linkage of STR loci to genetic disease-causing genes, probabilistic predictions of sample ethnicity, and desirable characteristics for additional STR loci that may be added in the future to the current core loci. These core STR loci, which form the basis for DNA databases worldwide, will continue to play an important role in forensic science for many years to come.     

Genetic structure among 38 populations from the United States based on 11 U.S. core Y chromosome STRs

A DNA database consisting of the 11 Y chromosome short-tandem-repeat (Y-STR) recommended by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods is constructed for 2517 individuals from 38 populations in the United States. The population samples derive from five ethnic groups currently living in 10 states. A multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot places the populations into four discrete clusters (African Americans (AA), European Americans (EA), Hispanic Americans (HA), and Asian Americans (SA)) and one dispersed cluster of Native Americans. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicates that a large proportion of the total genetic variance is partitioned among ethnic groups (24.8%), whereas only a small amount (1.5%) is found among-populations within ethnic groups. Separate AMOVA analyses within each ethnic group show that only the NA sample contains statistically significant among-population variation. Pair wise population differentiation tests do uncover heterogeneity among EA and among HA populations; however, this is due to only a single sample within each group. The analyses support the creation of AA, EA, HA, and Asian American databases in which samples from different geographic regions within the United States are pooled. We recommend that separate databases be constructed for different NA groups.     

Population data at two short tandem repeat loci D2S1338 and D19S433 in the sample of multinational Bosnia and Herzegovina residents

POPULATION: We have analyzed the distribution of allele frequencies at two short tandem repeats loci (D2S1338 and D19S433) in a multinational sample of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) residents. A total of 110 unrelated male and female individuals (Caucasians) from different regions of B&H were sampled for the analysis. We ensured that the sample reflected approximate proportional participation of the three main ethnic groups in the population of B&H (Bosniacs-Muslim [45%], Serbs [34%], Croats [21%]).     

Genetic analysis of 15 STR loci of Chinese Ewenki ethnic population

POPULATION: Almost all the Ewenki are found in HulunBuir Ewenki Autonomous Banner, Inner Mongolia province of China. Some Ewenki are nomads; others are farmers or farmer-hunters. A small number of them are hunters. Its national characters and languages belong to the Altai phylum.     

Genetic analysis for Y chromosome short tandem repeat haplotypes of Chinese Han population residing in the Ningxia province of China

POPULATION: One hundred and one unrelated, autochthonous healthy males of the Chinese Han population living in Yongning county of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China.     

Genetic analysis of six STR polymorphisms in a southern Chinese population

POPULATION: A total of 105 unrelated and healthy individuals from the Han ethnic group of Nanning city in south China.     

21世纪党外知识分子在民主政治建设中的作用

21世纪是知识经济和信息社会的时代,科技进步和知识创新将比以往任何时候都更加显示出其重要性,而成为"科学技术是第一生产力"中最活跃、最重要并起着决定性作用的,是人这个因素.党外知识分子因此所具备的特殊性,已成为经济建设和民主政治建设中一支不可忽视的力量.     

对《刑法》第277条有关问题的认识

新《刑法》第277条的规定及该条规定在适用过程中存在以下问题:1郾两高司法解释对该条确定的罪名不当,应确定为四个罪名,即阻碍国家工作人员执行职务罪,阻碍人大代表执行职务罪、阻碍红十字会工作人员履行职责罪和阻碍执行国家安全工作任务罪;2郾该条第4款在刑法理论及逻辑上存在矛盾,应将阻碍安全工作任务罪与拒绝履行国家安全义务罪分列。另外,新《刑法》第242条的规定纯属多余,应予删去。     

论21世纪中国哲学和时代使命

通古今之变、融中西之学、究天人之际,是21世纪中国哲学之时代使命的主要内容。这里的"问题域"涵盖了纵断面的古今、横断面的中西与超越面的天人三个向度。中国文化与中国哲学在20世纪走过了一个由衰落而复苏而繁盛的道路。可以断言,随着时代的发展,作为人类哲学的主流传统之一,古老的中国哲学也必将在21世纪焕发出青春。