电针“百会”“神庭”对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力和海马突触结构与相关蛋白表达水平的影响

目的 观察电针“百会”“神庭”对血管性痴呆（vascular dementia,VD）大鼠学习和记忆功能的影响,并从突触结构及突触相关蛋白表达水平的角度揭示其作用机制。方法 将35只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、电针穴位组、电针非穴位组和奥拉西坦组,每组7只。采用改良双侧颈动脉结扎模型,电针穴位组大鼠选择“百会”“神庭”两穴治疗,电针非穴位组大鼠选择固定非穴位刺激,每次电针30 min,每日1次,连续干预14 d;奥拉西坦组大鼠选择腹腔注射奥拉西坦,50 mg/kg,每日1次,连续14 d。采用Morris水迷宫检测各组大鼠学习和空间记忆能力;透射电子显微镜观察各组大鼠海马CA1区突触结构;Western blot检测各组大鼠海马突触后致密蛋白95（postsynaptic density protein 95, PSD95）、GluA1、GluN2B和磷酸化GluN2B蛋白表达水平。结果 与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠学习期逃避潜伏时间延长,测试期跨越平台次数减少,目标象限停留时间显著缩短,大脑质量显著增加,海马CA1区突触结构数明显减少,海马PSD95、GluA1、GluN2B和磷酸化GluN2B蛋白表达水平均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;与模型组比较,电针穴位组大鼠的学习期逃避潜伏时间缩短,测试期跨越平台次数增加,目标象限停留时间延长,大脑质量降低,CA1区突触结构数增多,海马PSD95、GluA1、GluN2B和磷酸化GluN2B蛋白表达水平增加,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 电针“百会”“神庭”能改善VD大鼠的学习记忆功能,改变海马突触结构,分子机制可能和增加突触蛋白PSD95、GluA1和GluN2B的蛋白表达水平相关。     

上海市220例新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者中医体质类型分布与防控策略

目的 初步探讨上海局部传播的新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者中医体质类型的分布,为确立核酸筛查和常态化核酸检测的重点人群提供中医体质学说依据。方法 设计中医体质量表,对上海市花博园安徽方舱医院新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者进行中医体质调查,通过中医临床数据采集平台录入一般资料和体质调查数据,并进行统计学分析。结果 220例新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株无症状感染者中,全程无症状感染病例163例,无症状感染者转化为轻型者57例。163例全程无症状感染者中,平和质141例（86.5%）,偏颇质22例（13.5%）,57例无症状感染者转化为轻型者中,平和质3例（5.3%）,偏颇质54例（94.7%）。两组平和质、偏颇质分布率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;全程无症状感染者的平和质分布率显著高于无症状感染者转化为轻型者（P＜0.05）。全程无症状感染者出现频率超过10%的体质类型仅有平和质,而无症状感染者转化为轻型病例出现频率超过10%的体质类型有4种,分别是湿热质、气郁质、痰湿质、气虚质。全程无症状感染者的湿热质、气郁质、痰湿质、气虚质分布率显著低于无症状感染转化为轻型者（P＜0.05）。结论 上海市新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染者,由无症状感染者转化为轻型者的发病过程与体质偏颇、基础疾病密切相关;新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株感染平和质者的隐蔽性强,是优先进行核酸筛查和常态化核酸检测的重点人群。     

芪红通络颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用及其机制研究

目的 观察芪红通络颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,并初步探讨其作用机制.方法 将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,模型组,尼莫地平组,芪红通络颗粒高、中、低剂量(10.8、5.4、2.7 g/kg)组,采用线栓法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型.各组大鼠术前连续3d、术后连续2d灌胃给药,每日1次.术后72 h采用Longa法进行神经功能缺损评分,TTC染色法测定脑梗死体积,HE染色观察脑组织病理学改变,比色法测定脑组织丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathion peroxidase,GSH-Px)活力,Western blot法测定脑组织核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2,Nrf2)和血红素氧合酶-1(heme oxygenase 1,HO-1)蛋白表达水平.结果 与模型组比较,芪红通络颗粒高、中、低剂量组脑梗死体积显著缩小(P<0.05);高、中剂量组神经行为学障碍症状明显减轻(P<0.05),脑组织病理改变明显减轻;高、中、低剂量组脑组织中MDA含量明显降低,SOD和GSH-Px活力明显增加(P<0.05);高、中剂量组脑组织中Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05).结论 芪红通络颗粒对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有较好的保护作用,其机制可能与其激活Nrf2/HO-1信号通路,抑制氧化应激反应,从而产生抗氧化作用有关.     

槐耳清膏对荷瘤小鼠瘤细胞Bcl-2、Bax表达的影响

目的探讨槐耳清膏治疗肿瘤的作用机制。方法将雄性昆明小鼠分为对照组、5-Fu组、槐耳清膏组和槐耳清膏+5-Fu组。用H22细胞给小鼠皮下注射,复制皮下瘤模型。观察各组移植瘤质量和抑瘤率,采用免疫组织化学法检测各组瘤组织Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达。结果3个用药组小鼠的移植瘤质量和瘤组织Bcl-2阳性率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);与5-Fu组和槐耳清膏组比较,槐耳清膏+5-Fu组小鼠瘤质量和瘤组织Bcl-2阳性率显著降低,Bax阳性率显著升高(P<0.05)。结论槐耳清膏有明显的抑制肿瘤生长的作用,其机制可能是通过下调Bcl-2蛋白表达和上调Bax蛋白表达,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

疏肝健脾方药对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝组织UCP2 mRNA及蛋白表达的影响

目的观察疏肝健脾方药对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)大鼠肝组织解偶联蛋白2(uncoupling protein 2,UCP2)mRNA及蛋白表达的影响,初步探讨疏肝健脾方药治疗NAFLD的作用机制。方法采用高脂饲料喂养12周复制雄性SD大鼠NAFLD模型,将模型大鼠分为疏肝组、健脾组、疏肝健脾综合组(综合组)、三七脂肝丸组(三七组)、模型组,各组给予相应治疗8周。测定各组大鼠血清总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。采用RT-PCR方法检测肝组织UCP2 mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学方法检测肝组织中UCP2蛋白活性变化。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肝组织中UCP2 mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,疏肝组、健脾组和综合组UCP2 mRNA表达水平显著下降(P<0.05)。模型组肝组织UCP2蛋白表达水平显著升高;与模型组比较,各用药组UCP2蛋白表达水平均显著下调(P<0.01)。结论疏肝健脾方药可使NAFLD大鼠肝组织中UCP2基因和蛋白表达水平降低。     

Digital traces and physical activities: opportunities,challenges and pitfalls

The strong integration of consumer electronics in everyday life offers many new investigative opportunities. In particular, digital traces from smartphones, smartwatches and activity trackers can now increasingly be used to infer information about actions performed by their users in the physical world that might not be obtainable from any other types of forensic evidence.While potentially very valuable from an investigative perspective, making forensically justifiable statements about such traces can sometimes be more difficult than expected. Requirements for this have not yet received much attention in the digital forensic literature. To help filling this gap, we describe the principles we use in determining the evidential value of such traces, which emphasize the need for experimental verification. For such research, aimed at determining the evidential value of these traces, we coin the term data2activity.In this paper, we devote attention to the potential and limitations of data2activity traces, focusing on challenges and giving two examples to illustrate potential pitfalls in interpreting data. Finally, future research directions into data2activity traces are indicated that, in our opinion, should be given attention. These include development of future-proof data acquisition and storage methodology, enabling division-of-effort and sharing of information, as well as development of labeling methodology for free-living experiments.     

补阳还五汤对全脑缺血再灌注不同时点大鼠皮质神经细胞谷氨酸受体2表达的影响

目的 研究补阳还五汤抗全脑缺血后再灌注损伤的分子机制。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为3组，即正常组、模型组和药物组（补阳还五汤预干预），模型组和药物组再分别设置2、12、24、48、72 h五个观察时间点。连续给药5 d后，采用改良的Pulsinelli四血管闭塞法复制全脑缺血大鼠模型，再灌注后2、12、24、48、72 h分别检测各组大鼠皮质神经细胞谷氨酸受体2（glutamate receptor 2， GluR2）的表达水平。结果 与正常组比较，再灌注各时点模型组大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞GluR2表达水平显著降低（P<0.01）；与模型组比较，再灌注各时点药物组GluR2表达水平显著升高（P<0.01）；与再灌注2 h比较，再灌注12、24、48、72 h药物组GluR2表达水平显著升高（P<0.01）。结论 补阳还五汤可预防大鼠脑缺血再灌注引起的GluR2表达减少，且在再灌注2 h后这种抑制作用更强。     

电针足三里对应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

目的；研究电针足三里穴对大鼠应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用。方法；将１８只大鼠随机分为３组，即正常对照组，模型组，电针组，采用束缚－冷应激胃粘膜损伤模型，观察电针足三里穴后胃粘膜损伤情况，以及胃粘膜血流量，血浆中肿瘤坏死因子，前列环素／血栓素含量变化。结果：电针后，胃粘膜电流量增加，肿瘤坏死因子和血栓素含量下降，前列环素含量增加。结论：电针足三里穴对胃粘膜损伤有保护作用，肿瘤坏死因子在其中是重要介质。     

Lipidic compounds found in soils surrounding human decomposing bodies and its use in forensic investigations – A narrative review

Following decomposition of a human body, a variety of decomposition products, such as lipids, are released into the surrounding environment, e.g. soils. The long-lasting preservation in soils and their high diagnostic potential have been neglected in forensic research. Furthermore, little is known about the preservation, chemical transformation, or degradation of those human derived lipids in soils. To date, several studies identified various lipids such as long-chain free fatty acids and steroids in soils that contained decomposition fluids. Those lipids are preserved in soils over time and could serve as markers of human decomposition in forensic investigations, e.g. for estimating the post-mortem interval or identifying the burial location of a human body. Therefore, this review focuses on the current literature regarding fatty acid and steroid that have been detected in soils and associated with human body decomposition. After a short introduction about human decomposition processes, this review summarises fatty acid and steroid analysis applied in current case studies and studies related to taphonomic research. This review provides an overview of the available studies that have used fatty acids and steroids as identifiers of human decomposition fluid in soils in a forensic context and discusses the potential for developing this innovative field of research with direct application in a forensic context.