Patterns of Local Policy Disruption: Regulatory Responses to Uber in Ten North American Cities

Since its inception in 2009, Uber has grown into a technology behemoth, with operations in over 70 countries and 500 cities around the world. Along the way, it has successfully forced regulatory upheaval in hundreds of local taxi markets controlled by municipal authorities. In this sense, Uber is not only a market disruptor, but also a policy disruptor. This paper examines the nature of such policy disruption at the local level by reviewing regulatory responses to Uber in ten North American cities. We find that regulatory outcomes are a function of two factors: Uber’s government relations strategy, either cooperative or confrontational, and the degree to which local governments perceive Uber as complementary or harmful to the existing marketplace. We conclude by proposing a typology of regulatory responses to Uber as a basis to identify patterns in the behavior of municipal regulatory authorities and political leaders.     

How Values Shape Program Perceptions: The “Organic Ethos” and Producers’ Assessments of U.S. Organic Policy Impacts

Among the more recognizable programs related to natural and sustainable food is the United States Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program. Although the robustness of the organic food market is difficult to contest, many debate the extent to which U.S. organic policy outcomes adequately serve consumers and the organic agriculture producers they rely on. This paper engages the debate from the perspective of certified organic producers. Drawing on the results of a nationwide survey of USDA‐certified producers, we first provide a snapshot of how producers assess the environmental, consumer, and market impacts of U.S. organic food policy. We then examine the extent to which organic producers’ policy impact perceptions are associated with their alignment with an “organic ethos”—understood as producers’ commitment to core organic principles and the organic movement. The paper highlights producers’ values as perceptual filters and cognitive mechanisms that help shape producers’ policy impacts perceptions, illustrating a contributing factor to the enduring nature of organic policy debates.     

Conservation in Context: Toward a Systems Framing of Decentralized Governance and Public Participation in Wildlife Management

Governance scholars have long championed the adaptive utility of decentralized management institutions, in part due to their ability to bring diverse stakeholders into decision‐making processes. However, research into the link between decentralization and participation often looks at policy design but bypasses important system feedbacks that shape sustained participation over time. To paint a more robust picture detailing how decentralization and participation are related, this paper uses a complex systems framework to explore interacting structural, operational, and cultural components of decentralized wildlife governance institutions in the United States and Botswana. Through this comparative analysis, I argue that the landscape of public participation in decentralized governance institutions appears to be significantly impacted by three factors: 1) how decentralization processes occurred, 2) where in the process of decision making participation is situated, and 3) perceptions of power distribution between groups with competing interests.     

The devil we know and the angel that did not fly: An examination of devil/angel shift in twitter fracking “debates” in NY 2008–2018

Recent work has applied the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to examine narrative strategies in policy debates on social media platforms. We contribute to the literature by applying the NPF to fracking policy debates in New York using well-established Natural Language Processing tools, including sentiment analysis. We combine this computational approach with a qualitative hand-coding of pro- and antifracking Twitter influentials. This approach allows us to consider a much larger corpus of tweets over a much longer time frame than has been done thus far. We adapt and test NPF propositions related to the use of the devil/angel shift strategies before and after a major state-wide policy change, that is, a state-wide moratorium on high volume hydraulic fracturing or fracking. Overall, we find evidence for the use of the devil shift narrative strategy by the pro-fracking coalition aimed at the Governor prior to the moratorium. After the moratorium, the relative percentage of Tweets containing devil shift sentiments decreases as the pro-fracking coalition generally downshifts in its use of angel shift language without a corresponding increase in devil shift language, whereas, conversely, the anti-fracking coalition generally downshifts in its use of devil shift language without a general increase in angel shift language. When we shifted our analysis to Tweets containing fracking and the Governor, we found a similar postban decrease in devil shift language among anti-fracking users. Our findings offer lessons for using computational tools in the NPF as an approach to expand analytic ability and for the operationalization of concepts such as narrative strategies and policy entrepreneurs.     

试析边疆恐怖主义事件的成因及特征——以“5·22”暴恐袭击为例

近年来，我国边疆陆续发生了多起恐怖主义犯罪事件。以2014年“5·22”暴恐袭击事件为例，探讨边疆恐怖主义活动的方式、特征及成因，对今后如何更好地打击与防范边疆恐怖主义犯罪活动具有重要意义。     

Neuerungen im Obsorgeverfahren

Der Senat h?lt es für notwendig und sachgerecht, der Maxime des Kindeswohls (§ 137 Abs 1 ABGB) im Obsorgeverfahren dadurch zu entsprechen, dass der OGH aktenkundige Entwicklungen, die die bisherige Tatsachengrundlage wesentlich ver?ndern, – ungeachtet des im Revisionsrekursverfahren an sich herrschenden Neuerungsverbots (§ 66 Abs 2 Au?StrG) – auch dann berücksichtigen muss, wenn sie erst nach der Beschlussfassung einer der Vorinstanzen eingetreten sind.     

Sachbezugsverordnung

§ 2 der Sachbezugsverordnungen wird als gesetzwidrig aufgehoben (wobei die Aufhebung der zuletzt genannten Bestimmung mit Ablauf des 31. 12. 2008 in Kraft tritt).     

Eigenbedarfskündigung – Sperrfrist

Ein Vermieter kann den Kündigungsgrund gem § 30 Abs 2 Z 8 MRG nach § 30 Abs 3 letzter Satz MRG bereits dann geltend machen, wenn er zumindest zur H?lfte Miteigentümer der Liegenschaft ist und auf seine Eigentumswohnung die Sperrfrist nach § 30 Abs 3 Satz 2 MRG nicht (mehr) anzuwenden ist. Daran ?ndert auch der Umstand nichts, wenn als kündigende Partei auch der andere H?lfteeigentümer der ma?gebenden Liegenschaft auftritt, dessen Eigentumserwerb auf Grund eines Rechtsgesch?ftes unter Lebenden unter die bezeichnete Sperrfrist fiele.     

大鼠脑挫伤后NTE与COX-2表达随时间的变化

目的观察大鼠脑挫伤后脑组织NTE和COX-2的表达变化，并评价其法医学的意义。方法健康SD大鼠48只，随机分成正常对照组、手术对照组、挫伤组（按挫伤后处死时间再分为lh、12h、1d、3d、7d、14d共6个组）每组6只。以自由落体撞击法制作脑挫裂伤模型；应用免疫组化方法检测COX-2和NTE在脑组织中的表达情况；用SPSS13．0软件分析COX-2和NTE的表达情况与脑挫伤后存活时间的相关性。结果正常对照组和假手术绢NTE和COX-2均呈低水平表达，脯挫伤组伤后NTE和COX-2表达逐渐增强，均于1d达到高峰，至14d时COX-2表达降至正常对照组水平，而NTE仍高于正常对照组水平；挫伤各组与正常对照组比较，除1h组灰度值无统计学差异（P〉0．05）外，其余各组均有明显差异（P〈0．01）。结论脑挫伤后脑组织NTE和COX-2的表达均呈现先增强后下降的趋势，其表达规律有望为脑挫伤诊断及损伤时间推断提供参考。     

私利·公利·正义·仁义--义利关系的传统反思与现代诠释

本文首先在剖析中西义利观区别的基础上,把义和利的内涵分别分解为私利、公利和正义、仁义等不同层次.然后通过对社会主义市场经济内在本质的考察,提出理解义利关系的三大理论原则第一,以私利为动力,以公利为目标;第二,以正义为约束,以仁义为引导;第三,以利释义,以义制利,义利统一.最后根据以上原则提出社会主义市场经济条件下坚持义利统一的三个层次合理谋利即是义;增进公利即是义;自觉让利即是义.