Preparing NATO for the Future – Operating in an Increasingly Contested Environment

The global proliferation of precision-strike systems may be challenging the foundations of Western military-technological supremacy. Relatedly, the development of so-called Anti-Access and Area Denial (A2/AD) capabilities across the globe threatens to complicate Western freedom of military movement and access, and could give way to a more contested military-strategic environment. The twin challenges of precision-strike proliferation and A2/AD strongly impact NATO’s agenda, which revolves around strengthening deterrence and defence in Eastern Europe, and addressing the different threats emanating from the so-called Southern European neighbourhood. In order to address or mitigate such challenges, the Alliance needs to produce operational concepts and capabilities able to deliver deterrence and expeditionary warfare in a maturing precision-strike environment, one characterised by the emergence of A2/AD capabilities.     

Social history, (Neo-)revisionism and mapping the 1930s Spanish left*

Revisionist historians and their Neo-Revisionist/conservative fellow travellers identify the Spanish left as the main cause of the civil war (1936–1939) that culminated in the establishment of the Franco dictatorship. Such claims are possible because these historians distort both the history of the left and the nature of social protest and mass mobilisation during these years. In part, the reliance of Neo-Revisionist/conservative historians on the methods of traditional political history – combined with their stubborn aversion to social history – makes it impossible for them to understand the left. This article argues that only through social history is it possible to comprehend the complex and shifting nature of protest dynamics in the 1930s. Indeed, many of the conflicts that played out in the political arena during these years were conditioned by structural economic problems and social tensions that resulted in diverse forms of radical contestation among the grassroots of leftist movements. Social, and indeed cultural history, are, therefore, central to any analysis of the myriad forms of these protest energies that flowed from the bottom up to shape the orientation of the leftist organisations.     

鸡白细胞介素-2受体基因γ链的转录分析与表达

以脾单个核细胞总RNA为模板,对鸡白细胞介素-2受体基因γ链(chIL-2Rγ)进行了RT-PCR,获得了一1 047 bp的开放阅读框,编码由348个氨基酸残基组成的分子质量为37.8 ku的蛋白多肽。预测的鸡IL-2Rγ多肽链中包含4个保守半胱氨酸残基、1个WSXWS基序和7个N连接的糖基化位点。鸡IL-2Rγ与其他动物IL-2Rγ在氨基酸水平上的同源性仅为21.4%~38.2%。RT-PCR检测发现,鸡IL-2RγmRNA分布于大脑、小脑、脊髓、腔上囊、脾、胸腺、骨髓、盲肠扁桃体、腺胃、肌胃、空肠、卵黄囊憩室、回肠、盲肠、直肠、心脏、肾、肺、肝、骨骼肌和皮肤,而在十二指肠和睾丸中没有检测到其转录。构建了鸡IL-2Rγ胞外区的原核重组表达载体,进行了表达和鉴定。     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒CH-1a株GP5蛋白基因的表达及其单克隆抗体的制备

将猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)CH-1a株GP5蛋白基因信号肽部分删除后克隆于pGEX-6p-1载体上,并在大肠埃希氏菌中进行表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳分析发现,融合表达的rtGP5蛋白约42 ku,将融合蛋白rtGP5用PRRSV阳性血清进行Western-blotting分析,证实所表达的融合蛋白能被其特异性识别。收获融合表达产物rtGP5,按50μg/只的剂量与等量弗氏佐剂乳化,经腹腔免疫BALB/c小鼠3次后,取脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,分别以融合蛋白rtGP5和GST蛋白为抗原,通过间接ELISA方法对融合细胞的上清液进行检测,筛选阳性克隆,结果得到了15株能稳定分泌抗rtGP5蛋白抗体的阳性细胞克隆株。经间接免疫荧光检测发现,获得的15株单克隆抗体都能与PRRSV感染细胞产生特异性荧光。15株单克隆抗体亚型鉴定结果显示均为IgG1型,且轻链均为κ链。     

901例社区2型糖尿病血瘀证的影响因素研究

目的 了解血瘀证在社区2型糖尿病患者中的分布及其相关影响因素。 方法 以社区901例2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,采集其相关临床信息并进行中医辨证分析,采用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析考察血瘀证的影响因素。 结果 901例2型糖尿病患者中,单纯血瘀脉络证165例,阴虚热盛证、湿热困脾证、气阴两虚证、阴阳两虚证分别为137、135、334、130例,分别兼夹血瘀证55、57、200、101例,各证型兼夹血瘀证的比例明显不同（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示,年龄、病程、高血压并发症、收缩压、体质量、体型是血瘀证的影响因素,舒张压、血脂水平不是血瘀证的影响因素;二项分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、高血压并发症、收缩压是血瘀证的影响因素。 结论 血瘀证是社区2型糖尿病患者的主要证型,年龄越大,具有高血压并发症,收缩压较高者易于出现血瘀证,尚不能认为病程、体质量和体型是2型糖尿病血瘀证的影响因素。     

充分发挥兴安在大桂林旅游圈的作用

兴安是大桂林旅游圈一颗璀璨的明珠,应当以建设试验区为契机,拉长桂林旅游的链条,充分发挥兴安在大桂林旅游圈的作用：引导游客探寻漓江源头的神奇和美丽;来兴安进行文化寻根访迹;上猫儿山体验瑶族风情;体验兴安的农家乐休闲旅游;开展工业旅游;进行高尔夫休闲度假游;举行有纪念意义的婚礼;在兴安休闲度假养生养老。     

中药外敷对哮喘豚鼠肺组织IL-5基因表达的影响

目的:探讨中药循经敷贴治疗哮喘的作用机制。方法:采用Hutson法复制豚鼠模型,治疗组隔日诱喘后用中药敷贴30 m in,对照组隔日诱喘后采用9.0 g/L氯化钠注射液浸润纱布敷贴,比较记录诱喘潜伏期时间。两周后处死豚鼠,取肺组织,用半定量RT-PCR法比较IL-5 mRNA的表达。结果:中药循经敷贴能显著延长豚鼠诱喘潜伏期,下调哮喘豚鼠肺组织IL-5 mRNA的表达。结论:抑制炎性细胞因子IL-5 mRNA的表达可能是中药循经敷贴治疗哮喘的重要机制之一。     

-Classical investment

1979-2004, and studies the relationship between FDI and domestic investment in light of the actual economic development of Guang-dong Province. The empirical study concludes that FDI produces a significant crowding out effect on     

SPF雏鸡感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒后白细胞介素2和干扰素诱生活性的变化

对1日龄SPF雏鸡人工感染网状内皮组织增殖病病毒(REV)后,胸腺T淋巴细胞白细胞介素2(IL-2)诱生活性于14～49 d极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);脾T淋巴细胞IL-2诱生活性于14 d明显低于对照组(P＜0.05),感染后21～49 d极显著降低(P＜0.01);脾淋巴细胞干扰素(IFN)的诱生活性于感染后7～49 d极显著降低(P＜0.01).提示SPF雏鸡受REV感染后机体免疫器官的分子免疫调节机能明显降低或发生障碍.