黄芪甲苷对SLT-Ⅱe诱导RIMEC分泌NO、ET-1、PGI2、TXA2、P-选凝素及sICAM-1的影响

将培养的肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞分为对照组、SLT-Ⅱ e组、不同浓度黄芪甲苷处理组等5个组,采用ELISA法测定了培养3、6、9和12 h时细胞培养上清液中NO、ET-1、PGl2、TXA2、P_选凝素及sICAM-1浓度的变化.结果显示,5μg/mL黄芪甲苷可下调SLT-Ⅱe诱导的大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞NO及sICAM-1的分泌,12 h内使NO及sICAM-1分泌浓度接近正常水平;1、5、10μg/mL黄芪甲苷不能下调SLT-Ⅱe诱导的大鼠肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞ET-1、PG12、TXA2和P-选凝素的分泌.说明,黄芪甲苷通过抑制SLT-Ⅱe诱导肠黏膜微血管内皮细胞NO及sICAM-1的分泌,缓解局部炎症反应,达到治疗水肿病的目的.     

Agenda‐Setting at the Energy‐Water Nexus: Constructing and Maintaining a Policy Monopoly in U.S. Hydraulic Fracturing Regulation

Despite calls to increase federal oversight of hydraulic fracturing (HF), the U.S. Congress has maintained a regulatory system in which environmental regulatory authority is devolved to the states. We argue that this system is characterized by a long‐standing “policy monopoly”: a form of stability in policy agenda‐setting in which a specific manner of framing and regulating a policy issue becomes hegemonic. Integrating theories on agenda‐setting and environmental discourse analysis, we develop a nuanced conceptualization of policy monopoly that emphasizes the significance of regulatory history, public perceptions, industry–government relations, and environmental “storylines.” We evaluate how a policy monopoly in U.S. HF regulation has been constructed and maintained through a historical analysis of oil and gas regulation and a discourse analysis of eleven select congressional energy committee hearings. This research extends scholarship on agenda‐setting by better illuminating the importance of political economic and geographic factors shaping regulatory agendas and outcomes.     

Agriculture in Shifting Climates: The Configuration and Ripeness of Problem Understandings in Uganda and Senegal

The international community has advocated the adoption of climate‐smart agriculture (CSA) as lower‐income countries deal with the negative consequences of climate change. Scaling up such policies, practices, and programs successfully will require support from a variety of local stakeholders. Such support requires alignment between CSA solutions and the problem understandings of stakeholders. However, problem understandings can differ across individuals, stakeholder groups, and geographic areas. Consequently, we examine understandings of climate problems and socioeconomic and infrastructure problems related to agriculture among different stakeholder groups in Uganda and Senegal. We operationalized and measured these problem understandings following the detailed guidance of the political will and public will approach for analyzing social change. Semistructured interviews elicited stakeholder‐generated lists of problems for each group. Limited quantification of problem understandings and their relative importance or “ripeness” demonstrates how contexts might shape opportunities for CSA.     

The Role of Scientific Excellence in the Changing Meaning of Maize in Mexico

Making policy is giving a meaning to objects. This perspective on policy making gained importance in the 1990s with the emergence of discursive approaches. In this article, we use the concepts of Hajer's discourse coalition approach to shed light on the evolving meaning of maize in Mexican society. Specifically, we trace a parallel between the evolution of biotechnology policy and discourses on maize over a 25‐year period. The article argues that until recently, the protection against biotechnological manipulations enjoyed by maize has been bolstered by a discourse granting the plant a special status in the country's history. However, the emergence of a new discourse grounded on the practice of scientific excellence is now challenging the old perspectives, and also finding support among government officials. As a result, the Mexican policies granting maize special protection is changing, and this policy change will likely trigger changes in the symbolic meaning of maize.     

India and the responsibility to protect

‘Responsibility to protect’ (R2P) is an ‘emerging norm’ of international relations, which has been invoked with the intervention in Libya in 2011. Even though this intervention was demanded by several Third World countries and organisations, these have subsequently had second thoughts about the matter and have come to regard R2P as Western neo-imperialism. This article seeks to explain this apparent paradox, with a special focus on India. It also identifies possible compromises by advocating a broader approach to R2P, stressing the responsibility to prevent and to rebuild. It also draws attention to ‘R2P lite’, including the protection of civilians in armed conflicts.     

A New Robust Epigenetic Model for Forensic Age Prediction

Forensic DNA phenotyping refers to an emerging field of forensic sciences aimed at the prediction of externally visible characteristics of unknown sample donors directly from biological materials. The aging process significantly affects most of the above characteristics making the development of a reliable method of age prediction very important. Today, the so-called “epigenetic clocks” represent the most accurate models for age prediction. Since they are technically not achievable in a typical forensic laboratory, forensic DNA technology has triggered efforts toward the simplification of these models. The present study aimed to build an epigenetic clock using a set of methylation markers of five different genes in a sample of the Italian population of different ages covering the whole span of adult life. In a sample of 330 subjects, 42 selected markers were analyzed with a machine learning approach for building a prediction model for age prediction. A ridge linear regression model including eight of the proposed markers was identified as the best performing model across a plethora of candidates. This model was tested on an independent sample of 83 subjects providing a median error of 4.5 years. In the present study, an epigenetic model for age prediction was validated in a sample of the Italian population. However, its applicability to advanced ages still represents the main limitation in forensic caseworks.     

Inside Lobbying on the Regulation of New Plant Breeding Techniques in the European Union: Determinants of Venue Choices

In July 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union decided that new plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) fall within the scope of the restrictive provisions on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Previously, various actors had lobbied in order to influence the European Union’s (EU’s) regulatory decision on NPBTs. This study examines the venue choices taken by Cibus, a biotech company that promoted NPBT deregulation. It shows that the firm bypassed the EU level and that it lobbied competent authorities (CAs) in certain member states to gain support for the deregulation of NPBTs. Cibus chose the CAs because their institutional “closedness” reduced the risk of the debate over the deregulation of NPBTs becoming public. However, the CA’s specific competences and their influence on EU decision making were of likewise importance. The firm lobbied CAs based in Finland, Germany, Ireland, Sweden, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Two factors appear to have influenced Cibus’ choices for these countries: high‐level political support for agribiotech and the high relevance of biotech sectors. In contrast, public support for GMOs turned out to have hardly any influence, and virtually no association could be observed for the agricultural application of biotechnology in the past nor for the weakness of domestic anti‐GMO lobby groups. Finally, the in‐depth study on Germany affirms that “closedness” was important for Cibus’ choices and reveals that technical information served as a venue‐internal factor that influenced the firm’s choices.     

单核细胞趋化蛋白1及其受体在冠心病猝死中的表达

目的：探讨单核细胞趋化蛋白1（monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1）及其受体CC类趋化蛋白受体2（CC chemokine receptor-2,CCR-2）在冠心病猝死（sudden coronary death,SCD）和非SCD冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的差异表达。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测MCP-1和CCR-2在SCD组、动脉粥样硬化组（冠状动脉粥样硬化但非SCD）、对照组（冠状动脉正常）的差异表达。结果 MCP-1在三组间的阳性细胞表达率分别是78%、47%、0%,两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;CCR-2在三组间的阳性细胞表达率分别是72%、47%、0%,在SCD组和动脉粥样硬化组、SCD组与对照组表达差异均有统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而在对照组和动脉粥样硬化组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块中的MCP-1及其受体CCR-2的表达增加与SCD密切相关。     

羊口疮病毒B2L截短重组蛋白刺激小鼠产生特异性抗体的研究

为研究羊口疮病毒(ORFV)新型亚单位疫苗,设计了ORFV B2L优势抗原表位截短重组蛋白,命名为HBBH并经原核表达和鉴定.以不同剂量HBBH不加或加不同佐剂,经滴鼻或颈部皮下注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,其中滴鼻共4组(HBBH 10 μg、20 μg、30μg和20 μg+LTB),注射组(HBBH 20 μg+20...     

旁路对等网阻隔技术研究

对等网阻隔原理是“网络节点”中的监听主机首先将用户的数据劫持到本地,然后利用arp伪造arp包同时欺骗网关和客户机,达到阻隔目的。