20世纪美国教育史学的思考

由于教育史学的跨学科性质,它一直受到历史学和教育学的双重影响,并处于学术取向还是职业取向的两难境地。反思20世纪美国教育史学我们可以认识到,教育史学的发展不应脱离历史学“母”学科主流,同时也应保持自己的独立地位;传统教育史学和新教育史学各有其利弊,对于教育史的再认识是教育史学发展的基本形式。随着我国高等师范教育课程改革的深入,外国教育史学的未来发展可有两条并行不悖的路线：一是继续教科书传统,以满足师范教育的需求;二是摆脱学校教育史传统模式的束缚。加大学术研究的力度,提升教育史家的主体地位。     

中韩建交20年:取得的成果与面临的课题

2012年是中韩建交20周年,也是"中韩友好交流年",这样一个对两国关系发展具有承前启后作用的关键时期,有必要对20年的两国关系发展做一认真总结与反思。建交以来,中韩双方增进友好、深化合作是大势所趋,人心所向,符合中韩两国人民的共同利益,也给两国人民带来了实实在在的好处,这是中韩关系的主流。但两国关系还存在诸多"矛盾多发区",也确实存在着一些障碍性因素,应该引起两国的高度重视,切实采取相应的措施,以中韩建交20周年为契机,推动中韩关系沿着健康的轨道更上一层楼。     

User review portability: Why and how?

User reviews of products on the e-commerce platforms are a critical determinant of inter-platform competition, as a large number of consumers base their purchasing choices on the related reviews written by other users. The network effects between the number of reviews and new users give a sustainable competitive advantage to incumbent platforms. While business literature has recognised the commercial value of the user reviews, legal scholarship has paid little attention to levelling the playing field between incumbents and new e-commerce platforms by exploring the portability of user reviews. This paper bridges this gap. We explore the possibility of porting user reviews through two legal mechanisms—first, traditional Intellectual Property law; second, the new Right to Data Portability (RtDP) as enshrined in the GDPR. After recognising the limitations of these mechanisms in enabling the portability of reviews, we suggest that pure data aggregators, such as Personal Information Management Services (PIMS), are best placed to make user reviews available to multiple platforms.     

Universitätsrecht,universitäre Selbstverwaltung,Aufsicht, Satzung WU Wien

Die WU Wien ist – durch das zur Au?envertretung berufene Rektorat – zur Erhebung der Beschwerde an den VfGH legitimiert. Eine Kompetenz des BM zur "Aufhebung" von Verordnungen (hier: Bestimmung der Satzung der WU Wien) mittels Bescheid anzunehmen verbietet sich aus verfassungsrechtlichen Gründen. Verletzung des Rechts auf den gesetzlichen Richter.     

Cricket and the Commonwealth

This article traces the origins of cricket and examines its evolution in Commonwealth countries. The focus is on Test-playing nations, although the discussion also encompasses newer forms of the game, including especially Twenty20 matches which have, in recent years, acquired increasing popularity. The article also examines the phenomenon of premier leagues in cricket, notably the Indian Premier League, whose emergence during the past decade or so has changed the pace and the economics of what was once called ‘a gentleman’s game’. It will be seen that the common feature in all the countries mentioned is that the game was introduced by the English and nurtured by them for what some people regard as semi political reasons. However it was the English undoubtedly who introduced the game and more importantly introduced the great traditions of the game which we still nurture and respect, despite all the efforts sometimes made to alter them. Cricket has also sometimes, been the means by which countries like India, Pakistan and the West Indies especially, have striven to beat their erstwhile masters and show their dominance at least in the field of cricket.     

The G20's role in legitimating global capitalism: beyond crisis diplomacy?

The rising profile of the G20 in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis has led to various forms of concern about the legitimacy of this forum. While debates about the legitimacy of the G20 are important and ongoing, they overlook the important observation that the G20 is also attempting to perform a key role in legitimating global capitalism. This role of legitimating global capitalism emphasises the importance of the G20 to act, and be seen to act, to normalise global capitalism, to strengthen global economic governance, and also facilitate a political consensus with regard to key policy issues. This essay critically examines the role that the G20 plays in legitimating global capitalism and contends that the G20 is not just a technical forum of international policy-making but also a political forum for creating and performing visible responses to problems which are seen to be socially responsive.     

基于DS18B20设计的多点测温系统

多点温度测量系统在工程项目中应用越来越广泛.文中介绍了基于DS18B20数字温度传感器设计的10点测温系统、DS18B20的基本特性、系统硬件电路的连接及软件的设计流程.     

How stalled global reform is fueling regionalism: China’s engagement with the G20

In the Chinese view, the architecture of contemporary global governance – especially that of the Bretton Woods institutions – is flawed and in need of reform. Developing nations (like China), the argument runs, need to be given a role proportionate to their global economic influence. Since the Group of Twenty (G20) became a leaders’ summit in 2008, China has used the forum to push for such reform. But today, despite some supposed progress, reform has stalled. Recognising this fact, China is increasingly emphasising regional integration in its strategy for overcoming the middle-income trap. Global reform has not been abandoned, but – given its infeasibility – is no longer a short-term priority.     

20世纪上半叶在华日本记者的中国认识——以龟井陆良为中心

19世纪末至20世纪上半叶,日本在中国创办了大量报刊。其中,在北京发行最早、影响最大的就是华文报纸《顺天时报》,该报第三代社长龟井陆良是20世纪初期活跃在北京新闻界的核心人物之一,也是中日关于"对华二十一条"交涉时日本记者当中对华强硬派的代表。然而,以第一次世界大战为分水岭,战后的龟井转变为批判日本的对华政策、积极宣扬国际和平的活动家。龟井陆良中国观的转变以及他关于新闻媒体与国际关系的一些言论和主张,对于我们回顾上个世纪中日两国由摩擦、冲突走向战争的历程,进而思考今天的中日关系以及媒体在两国关系中的作用与责任,具有历史的见证价值和重要的现实意义。     

Scheduling of new psychoactive substance the Swiss way: A review and critical analysis

Since the introduction of the European Early Warning System in 2005, >700 new psychoactive substances (NPS) have been listed. This review article presents for the first time the Swiss narcotic law in perspective of scheduling of NPS, and compares it to the regulations of the German speaking neighbours Austria and Germany.The Swiss way is a fast and effective way for scheduling NPS, with the purpose to restrict drug trafficking and for controlling the NPS drug market: the legal basis for scheduling substances of abuse is the “Law about narcotics and psychotropic substances” (BetmG, SR 812.121), which includes the “narcotic law directory (BetmVV-EDI, SR 812.121.11) suitable for listing all controlled substances. The BetmVV-EDI, SR 812.121.11 contains seven indices, with index e specifically designed for the fast scheduling of NPS. Newly appearing NPS can either be controlled under a structure analogues definition or by listing single substances. The list of single substances is updated at least once per year, and structure analogues definitions can be implemented, in order to keep track with new developments on the NPS market. The latest version from November 30th 2018 contains ten different structure analogue definitions and 207 single substances. Requirements to list NPS are their appearance on the NPS market, suspected psychotropic effects and their suggestions by Forensic professionals. As soon as substances are newly placed, on Schedule I of the 1961 Convention or Schedule II of the 1971 Convention by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs of the World Health Organization they can easily be transferred from index e to index a-d of the BetmVV-EDI, SR 812.121.11. The Austrian law uses a structure analogue and single substances approach (introduced in 2012, one update in 2016), whereas the German NPS law (established in 2016, no update yet) only lists two structure-analogue-definitions. All three legislations have defined which core structures, kinds and sites of substitutions are regulated.