英译词条再推敲

《汉英双语现代汉语词典》(2002年增补本)的面世,无论是对以中文学英文,还是以英文学中文的人而言,或日对中国与英语国家之间文化交流,无疑是件大好事。但通读《新记号新义》部分后,本文作者认为,由于种种原因,其中一些词条的英译出现了不同程度的瑕疵,因而有碍其预期效果的实现。现成文一述己见,同时旨在引起有关方面对此予以关注。     

GC／MS法检验杀扑磷

杀扑磷(methidathion),又名甲噻硫磷,灭达松,商品名称:速扑杀(Supracide),化学名称:5-2,3一二氢-5-甲氧基-2-氧代-1,3,4-硫二氮卓()-3基甲基O,O-二甲基二硫代磷酸酯,分子式:C6H11N2O4PS3,分子量:302,结构式见图1。理化性质:纯品为无色结晶,20℃时比重1.495,熔点39℃～40℃,蒸气压186.6×10-6Pa,20℃时溶解度水中250mg/L,丙酮中690g/L,乙醇中260g/L,环已酮中850g/L,二甲苯中600g/L。制剂由有效成分和稳定剂、乳化剂、溶剂及染料组成,外观为深蓝色液体,比重1.04～1.08,闪点24℃～28℃。据中国农药毒性分级标准,杀扑磷是一种广谱、高毒的…     

UPLC-MS/MS法同时检测全血中16种除草剂

目的建立全血中16种除草剂的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时检测方法,为除草剂中毒案事件及其他刑事案件血液中该16种除草剂的检验鉴定提供依据。方法取200μL的血液,加入800μL乙腈-水(体积比80/20),进行蛋白沉淀后,采用Acquity BEH C18(2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以水(5mmol/L的甲酸铵,0.1%的甲酸)-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用电喷雾离子源(ESI)、多反应监测(MRM)正离子模式对16种化合物进行检测。结果在1~200ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,R2均大于0.996;基质效应(ME%)为85.2%~104.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD%)为0.72%~4.84%;仪器检出限(IDLs)为0.2~2 ng/mL(信噪比S/N≥3),方法检出限(MDLs)为0.5~3ng/mL(信噪比S/N≥3),最低定量限(LOQs)为1~7ng/mL(信噪比S/N≥10)。结论本实验建立的全血中16种除草剂同时检验方法,前处理简便快捷、回收率高、精密度好、方法检出限低,可作为该16种除草剂中(投)毒案件的检验方法。     

Racial Disparities in Service Referrals for Families in the Child Welfare System

Among families in the child welfare system, family reunification depends largely upon the services to which families are referred. This study examines whether race/ethnicity influences the number and types of services to which families are referred. Findings suggest that compared to African American families, Hispanic families were more often referred to psychosocial services (e.g., mental health) than basic needs (e.g., housing). These findings indicate a need to reduce service referral disparities between ethnic groups.     

Household composition and family structures of Ukrainian Cossacks in the second half of the eighteenth century

One of the main problems faced by social historians of the Cossack Hetmanate (Cossacks' autonomous territory situated on the Left Bank of the Dnieper River) is a poor knowledge of population issues. This article therefore focuses on the history of the family and households in eighteenth-century Ukraine. Unlike the historiography of Western Europe, where active research in this field started in the 1960s, contemporary Ukrainian historiography includes only a few studies dedicated to these issues. Recently renewed interest in population issues is due to the widening scope of historical research and to changes in the methodological paradigm that started in the twenty-first century. Historical research of the Ukrainian family and population is thus in its infancy and reconsidering these aspects is crucial for a global scholarship.     

‘Donors are not interested in reality’: the interplay between international donors and local NGOs in Kyrgyzstan's HIV/AIDS sector

This article explores the interplay between international donors and local NGOs in Kyrgyzstan's HIV/AIDS sector. It argues that donors have transposed ready-made policies without sufficient consideration of the local context and that NGOs have responded strategically, adapting their proposals and reports to the expectations of donors. This complex interplay has resulted in unintended consequences that have undermined an effective response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. It has given rise to ‘virtual realities’ detached from developments on the ground. The funding system has also led to corruption and misappropriation of funds and the failure of NGOs to become sustainable. Largely bypassing the state in the allocation of funds, international donors have also undermined an already weak state.     

Fatal Fentanyl Patch Misuse in a Hospitalized Patient with a Postmortem Increase in Fentanyl Blood Concentration

Opioid‐related mortality happens, even in healthcare settings. We describe serial postmortem fentanyl blood concentrations in a hospital inpatient who fatally abused transdermal fentanyl. This is a single‐patient case report. A 42‐year‐old man with lymphoma was started on transdermal fentanyl therapy while hospitalized for chronic abdominal pain. The patient was last seen awake 1.3 h prior to being found apneic and cyanotic. During the resuscitation attempt, a small square‐shaped film was removed from the patient's oropharynx. Femoral blood was collected 0.5 and 2 h postmortem, and the measured fentanyl concentration increased from 1.6 to 14 ng/mL. Study limitations include potential laboratory or collection errors and missing data. (i) Providers must be vigilant for signs of fentanyl patch abuse. (ii) Postmortem blood concentrations are not static postmortem, likely secondary to decreasing pH, increased aqueous solubility, and tissue redistribution, and are therefore unlikely to accurately represent antemortem blood concentrations.     

气相色谱/质谱检验合成大麻素K3中AKB48

目的建立较为快速准确的合成大麻素K3中AKB48的气相色谱/质谱检验方法。方法对进样口温度、初始柱温、柱流速及质谱采样率等4项色谱及质谱实验参数进行考察优化。结果 GC/MS检验合成大麻素K3中AKB48的优化条件为:进样口温度280℃,柱初始温度80℃,柱流速为2.0ml/min,质谱采样率为2。结论该方法具有快速、准确、灵敏等优点,可用于K3中AKB48的定性检验鉴定。     

多路数码管显示仿真系统懿设计与实现

文章介绍了基于单点单路I／O仿真系统的多路数码显示仿真实现的分析与设计。     

电针激活Nrf2/HO-1通路抗帕金森病模型小鼠氧化应激的机制研究

目的 观察电针“风府”“太冲”“足三里”穴对帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)模型小鼠大脑纹状体中酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase, TH)、核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2,Nrf2)、血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)水平的影响,探讨电针治疗PD的可能机制。方法 将30只小鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组和电针组,每组10只。模型组、电针组小鼠按照30 mg/kg腹腔注射1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, MPTP)制备PD小鼠模型。电针组小鼠给予“风府”“太冲”“足三里”穴电针干预,每日1次,每次30 min,连续干预12 d。其余两组小鼠不予任何干预。采用爬杆实验和悬挂实验观察3组小鼠行为学改变,旷场实验观察小鼠自主运动总路程,免疫组织化学法检测小鼠大脑纹状体中TH表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠大脑纹状体中Nrf2、超氧...