基于miRNA相对表达量自动判别月经血和外周血

目的探索有效区分月经血和外周血的miRNA最优标记组合及最佳分类模型,并构建简便快速的自动化判别软件。方法对10种miRNA(miR-451a、miR-205-5p、miR-203a-3p、miR-214-3p、miR-144-3p、miR144-5p、miR-654-5p、miR-888-5p、miR-891a-5p、miR-124-3p)在200余份月经血和外周血样本中的相对表达量以实时荧光定量PCR检测,并以7种算法模型(核密度估计、K-最近邻、逻辑回归、线性判别分析、支持向量机、神经网络、随机森林)进行数据分析,选出鉴别效果最好的标记组合及算法模型,进而构建自动判别软件。结果月经血和外周血中差别最大的三种miRNA为miR-205-5p、miR-203a-3p和miR-214-3p,使用miR144-5p与上述miRNA中的一种或两种组合可达较好区分效果,其中基于miR-144-5p、miR-203a-3p和miR205-5p所形成的“最优特征项组合一”稳健性最强。7种算法模型中最佳分类模型为核密度估计模型,其次为逻辑回归模型。结论本研究建立的自动判别软件界面友好、使用简单,适合辅助法医检验关于月经血和/或外周血判别分析的计算,便利于法医物证工作,有较大的推广应用价值。     

Evaluation of a Visualization Assay for Blood on Forensic Evidence

In forensics, bloodstains on dark fabrics might be invisible for the naked eye. Although several visualization, presumptive, and confirmatory blood tests have been developed, all have one or more disadvantages, especially on DNA analysis. We report here the use of a visualization assay that can visually detect blood drops up to 1/20 dilution. In this assay, the fabric is placed between two wet filter papers and covered by glass surfaces on both sides. Pressure is applied on the glass surfaces in which bloodstains transfer onto the filter papers through capillary forces. Detected stains can be tested with other more sensitive presumptive blood tests performed on the filter paper. Even more, DNA analysis can be performed on the transferred bloodstains. The presented visualization assay is easy to perform, extremely cheap, requires little hands on time, and does not affect bloodstain pattern analysis.     

Fatal Intoxication with Methoxetamine

Methoxetamine (MXE) is a new synthetic drug of abuse structurally related to ketamine and phencyclidine. A case of a 29-year-old male with acute toxicity related to the analytically confirmed use of MXE is reported. The man was found dead at his residence. Biological material was analyzed using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The concentration of MXE in urine of the deceased was 85 μg/mL. Despite the vial containing the blood sample being destroyed during transportation and the blood leaking out into the cardboard packaging, the blood level of MXE was estimated. After determination of the cardboard grammage (approx. 400 g/m³) and the mean mass of the blood obtained after drying (0.1785 ± 0.0173 g per 1 mL), the estimated blood concentration of MXE was found to be 5.8 μg/mL. The high concentration of MXE in blood and urine and the circumstances of the case indicate an unintentional, fatal intoxication with this substance.     

Effects of Homeopathic Mother Tinctures on Breath Alcohol Testing

In some countries, it is illegal to drive with any detectable amount of alcohol in blood; in others, the legal limit is 0.5 g/L or lower. Recently, some defendants charged with driving under the influence of alcohol and have claimed that positive breath alcohol test results were due to the ingestion of homeopathic mother tinctures. These preparations are obtained by maceration, digestion, infusion, or decoction of herbal material in hydroalcoholic solvent. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the alcoholic content of three homeopathic mother tinctures and their ability to produce inaccurate breath alcohol results. Nine of 30 subjects gave positive results (0.11–0.82 g/L) when tests were taken within 1 min after drinking mother tincture. All tests taken at least 15 min after the mother tincture consumption and resulted in alcohol-free readings. An observation period of 15–20 min prior to breath alcohol testing eliminates the possibility of false-positive results.     

The Application of Flow Cytometry as a Rapid and Sensitive Screening Method to Detect Contamination of Vitreous Humor Samples and Avoid Miscalculation of the Postmortem Interval

Research into maximizing the speed, precision, and reliability of estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) has been a recurring object of investigation and methodologies based on the vitreous humor (VH) have provided good results. However, contamination from causes not readily apparent, such as blood, can occur, and thus lead not only to an erroneous estimation of PMI, but also interfere with the correct identification of other substances in the VH. We have developed a flow cytometry method which quantifies blood contamination and is able to detect erythrocytes in 1:750,000 dilution of contaminated VH which affects the results of hypoxanthine. It is an improvement on the previous more complex mass spectrometry method, being faster, more sensitive, and readily available. As such, it could be proposed for the rapid screening of appropriate samples by detecting and eliminating blood contaminated samples from PMI estimation.     

由一起命案看新一代外来人员犯罪

从20世纪80年代中期开始,对外来人员的管理逐步成为社会关注的焦点。外来人员犯罪逐年上升,已经被许多地方列为威胁社会治安的高危人群。随着近年来新一代外来人员犯罪的出现,其犯罪心理、犯罪动机以及犯罪行为都有强化的趋势,造成后果的恶性强度也有所增加。为此,文章在分析此类犯罪的同时,揭示其犯罪根源,提出应尽早采取有效应对措施,防患于未然。     

事后受贿行为的种类与认定

事后受贿是受贿罪的非典型形态,我国司法实践中有多种事后受贿行为:事前约定的狭义事后受贿、事前约定的职后受贿、事前无约定的事后受贿和事前无约定的职后受贿。以受贿罪的实行行为为标准,事前无约定的职后受贿不构成受贿罪,其他类型的事后受贿均构成受贿罪。     

猪圆环病毒2型套式PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank登录的猪圆环病毒 2型 (PCV2 )的全基因组序列 ,设计了 2对引物 ,建立了检测PCV2的套式PCR方法。对该方法用序列分析、酶切等方法进行了鉴定。同时用该套式PCR方法对华南地区 2 87个猪场的 15 6 0份样品进行了检测 ,结果 ,983份为PCV2阳性 ,阳性率为6 3%。     

节约型政府建设的路径分析

本文先从廉洁型政府、务实型政府、生态型政府这个三视角对节约型政府的本质进行阐述;然后进一步对建设节约型政府的必要性进行分析,最后给出了建设节约型政府的若干路径。     

论海运承运人单位赔偿责任限制所涵盖的损失类型——兼对UNCITRAL《运输法》（草案）的评论

在国际海上货物运输中,单位赔偿责任限制是承运人赔偿责任的一项重要内容。结合有关国际公约,重点分析了单位责任限制应当包含的损失类型,同时对中国《海商法》及《运输法》(草案)的相关规定进行了评论并提出修改建议。