液相色谱-质谱联用测定血中氟乙酸类鼠药

目的建立血中氟乙酸类鼠药液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱分析方法。方法血样经甲醇沉淀蛋白后离心,上清液用氮气吹干,流动相定容过滤膜,滤液直接进行液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱联用分析。结果血中氟乙酸根在0.050μg/mL-2.0μg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系,最低检出限为0.020μg/mL。结论本文建立的方法快速、灵敏、操作简便,适用于刑事案件中该类氟乙酸类鼠药的快速检验,具有一定的实用价值。     

金黄色葡萄球菌5型荚膜多糖偶联抗原的制备及免疫原性分析

为建立金黄色葡萄球菌5型荚膜多糖(CP5)纯化与偶联技术方法,获得具有免疫原性的CP5偶联抗原,采用高压破碎菌体的方法释放荚膜多糖,酶处理去除核酸和蛋白质,通过离子交换层析进一步纯化,得到纯化的CP5,并对其纯度和反应原性进行检测;采用己二酸二酰肼(ADH)间桥法制备CP5-牛血清白蛋白(CP5-BSA)偶联抗原,加佐剂免疫小鼠,进行抗体水平测定。结果表明,纯化的CP5纯度为675.1g/kg,经用免疫琼脂双扩散试验检测,纯化多糖仅与同型菌株抗血清发生沉淀反应,偶联抗原CP5-BSA可以刺激小鼠产生CP5免疫应答。此研究结果为奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌亚单位疫苗的研制提供了试验依据。     

猪圆环病毒2型XJ-SW株全基因组的克隆与序列分析

应用PCR方法对采集自新疆沙湾地区某猪场的疑似仔猪多系统衰竭综合征病料猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)全基因组进行了扩增,确定了2份病料中的PCV2的分子特征,命名为XJ-SW1、XJ-SW2(Gen-Bank登录号:JN639856,JN639857)。经对阳性样品进行克隆、测定,并应用软件进行全基因组核苷酸序列比对分析。结果显示,2株病毒的基因组全长均为1 768nt;XJ-SW1株与我国山东DE株(GenBank登录号:HM142897)的同源性最高(为97.91%);XJ-SW2株与韩国G2284株(GenBank登录号:JF317587)的同源性最高(为97.51%)。PCV2全基因组序列的进化分析表明,2株病毒为PCV2e基因亚型;对2株病毒与5个不同基因亚型的15株病毒的ORF2氨基酸序列进行比较,结果显示,XJ-SW1、XJ-SW2在ORF2的氨基端与PCV2d同源性较高,在羧基端与PCV2e同源性较高。表明,在新疆沙湾猪场流行的PCV2毒株为PCV2e,该毒株的ORF2存在一定变异。     

延边地区牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的分子流行病学调查

为了解吉林省延边地区牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的流行情况,分别采用血涂片染色镜检法和PCR方法对采自延边地区的206份牛血液样本进行了牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的分子流行病学调查。结果显示,PCR检测的阳性率为62.6%,显著高于血涂片染色镜检法检测的阳性率(17.5%)。采用统计学分析方法对PCR检测的206份血液样本进行了不同地区、不同年龄、不同品种及饲养方式的比较;结果,不同地区之间和不同品种之间瑟氏泰勒虫感染率差异不显著(P>0.05);而不同年龄阶段之间和不同饲养方式之间牛瑟氏泰勒虫感染率差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,吉林省延边地区是牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的流行地区。     

肺气虚证与肺阳虚证大鼠血气分析及血液流变学比较

目的 探讨血气分析及血液流变学在肺气虚证和肺阳虚证大鼠中的变化及其作用.方法 将雌雄Wistar大鼠30只随机分为对照组、肺气虚组、肺阳虚组,其中肺气虚证组模型单纯烟熏(香烟、锯末,0.5 h/d),肺阳虚证组采用烟熏和寒冷刺激(0～2 ℃,每次2 h,每日2次),以上各组连续处理7周后取大鼠腹主动脉血,进行血气分析和...     

GPC-GC/MS法分析血中20种安眠镇静药物

目的研究建立液液提取-在线GPC-GC/MS同时分析血中巴比妥类、吩噻嗪类、苯并二氮杂卓类、三环类和其他安眠精神类药物的方法。方法血样加入内标SKF525A,加β-葡萄糖酸苷酶水解后用乙腈沉淀蛋白浸取药物,加无水硫酸镁脱水,提取液浓缩至干后用GPC流动相定容,在线GPC净化,大体积进样,GC-MS分析。结果选择总离子监测模式,血中20种安眠镇静药物提取率在80.2%～99.3%之间,检出限小于21.6ng/mL;在0.1～10μg/mL浓度范围内工作曲线的线性关系良好。结论方法可用于安眠镇静类药物误服中毒者和刑事案件中毒者血样的分析。     

Messenger RNA Profiling for Forensic Body Fluid Identification： Research and Applications

Identifying the origin of body fluids left at a crime scene can give a significant insight into crime scene reconstruction by supporting a link betw een sample donors and actual criminal acts. How ev-er, the conventional body fluid identification methods are prone to various limitations, such as time con-sumption, intensive labor, nonparallel manner, varying degrees of sensitivity and limited specificity. Re-cently, the analysis of cell-specific messenger RNA expression （mRNA profiling） has been proposed to supplant conventional methods for body fluid identification. Since 2011, the collaborative exercises have been organized by the European DNA Profiling Group （EDNAP ） in order to evaluate the robustness and reproducibility of mRNA profiling for body fluid identification. The major advantages of mRNA profil-ing, compared to the conventional methods, include higher sensitivity, greater specificity, the ability of detecting several body fluids in one multiplex reaction, and compatibilitywith current DNA extraction and analysis procedure. In the current review ,we provided an overview of the present know ledge and detection methodologies of mRNA profiling for forensic body fluid identification and discussed its possi-ble practical application to forensic casew ork.     

How reliable are eyewitness memories? Effects of retention interval,violence of act,and gender stereotypes on observers' judgments of their own memory regarding witnessed act and perpetrator

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of (i) stimulus person's gender, (ii) type of act (neutral or violent), and (iii) retention interval (short or long) on observers' memory of a stimulus person. Participants were presented with one of two acts: neutral (walking around in a store) or violent (robbing a store). The retention interval was 10 minutes or one–three weeks. The dependent variables were questionnaire items concerning the participants' memory of (1) the stimulus person's appearance and (2) the event, and (3) rating scales where the participants were asked to evaluate the stimulus person's aggressiveness, insensitivity, and other personality traits as well as characteristics of the act. Results showed that when the act was violent, and a long retention interval was used, a female, but not a male, stimulus person was evaluated less harshly than with a short retention interval (enhancement of gender stereotype); a stimulus person was seen as behaving in a more masculine way when performing a violent rather than a neutral act; witnessing the violent act resulted in better self-rated memory of the stimulus person; and with increasing retention interval, the violent act was seen as less negative and the neutral act as more negative (regression toward the mean).     

行政行为分类的逻辑考量

行政行为分类是行政法学研究的重要内容,但对其研究却是极其薄弱。受法学研究路径的束缚,目前行政行为分类的现状极为混乱,所表现出来的症结为前提模糊、方式混乱、立场局限。从逻辑学的角度,以分类标准、分类规则、分类类型为参数对行政行为的分类现状进行梳理和探讨,有利于促进对行政行为研究的深化和扩展。行政行为的分类应当面向司法实践,使得理论研究与实践应用相统一。     

Diamond signs: generic stones and particular gems

Analysis of narratives from ethnographic research with diamond consumers representing the target market (largely middle-class white women between 20 and 50 years of age) reveals how symbolic associations promoted by industry are refracted through interpretations of both adverts and diamonds in general, but shows that local contingencies (basic attitudes and knowledge about diamonds and their production, circumstances of acquisition, and personal histories) are significant in determining meanings of people's own specific diamonds. Far from being batch absorbers of advert discourse, consumers are idiosyncratic, creative, and sometimes playful interpreters, and furthermore may distinguish between these strategies and those suggested by adverts or as performed by others. These findings are in part explicable on introducing for diamond consumption an important distinction between type and token, whereby a token is a specific instantiation of a generic type. This approach contributes to developing methods supple enough to capture consumers’ multi-dimensional interpretive strategies.